In the present study, interactions of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists with water swimming stress (WSS) on naloxone-induced jumping in morphine-dependent mice were examined. Mice were rendered dependent as described in the methods section. The opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (1 mg/kg), was injected to elicit jumping (as a withdrawal sign). The first group exposed to WSS in the pr...

after alzheimer disease, parkinson disease (pd) is considered the most common neurodegenerative disease. its prevalence is the same in all area but it is common in males than females. from every 100 persons who are above 60 years old, one of them has pd. also 5-10% of patients are less than 40 years old. this progressive neuroinflammation disease isn’t fatal. in 60% of cases is with depression....

objective: interaction between genetic and environmental factors is considered as major factors in schizophrenia (scz). it has been shown that dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission dysfunction play an essential role in the scz pathogenesis. this study aimed to find the impact of functional 19-bp insertion/deletion (ins/del) polymorphism in dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dbh) gene on scz ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endocannabinoids (via cannabinoid CB(1) receptor activation) are physiological regulators of intestinal motility and food intake. However, their role in the regulation of gastric emptying is largely unexplored. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of gastric emptying in mice fed either a standa...

It is now generally accepted that many of the known pharmacological effects of cannabinoids are mediated by receptors. These are CBI, that are expressed mainly by central and peripheral neurons, and CBz, that occur mainly in immune cells [1,2]. The discovery of these receptors has prompted the development of selective CB, and CBz receptor agonists and antagonists [ 1 , 3 4 1 and has also led to...

Cytidine diphosphate monoacylglycerol was prepared by the action of snake venom phospholipase on cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol and shown to be readily acylated by rat liver microsomes. Acylation was monitored by spectrophotometric assay or by measuring the incorporation of radioactivity from ‘%-labeled acyl-CoA esters. The product was identified as CDP-diacylglycerol. The acylation reacti...

A microsomal enzyme system from rat liver was shown to catalyze desaturation, in presence of reduced pyridine nucleotides and oxygen, of 1-acyl-2-[14C]eicosatrienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine to 1-acyl-2-[14C]arachidonoyl-sn-glycerophosphorylcholine. This desaturation was linear with time and proportional to microsomal protein concentration, and proceeded with no significant breakdown of t...

The endocannabinoid arachidonoyl ethanolamine (anandamide) is a lipid transmitter synthesized and released "on demand" by neurons in the brain. Anandamide is also generated by macrophages where its endotoxin (LPS)-induced synthesis has been implicated in the hypotension of septic shock and advanced liver cirrhosis. Anandamide can be generated from its membrane precursor, N-arachidonoyl phosphat...

In severe COVID-19 patients the blood level of autoantibodies (IgG) to neurospecific proteins was determined. It defined marked increase in peripheral myelin protein, protein lipid S100 type 2 dopamine receptors and dopamine. At same time, it designate relationship between levels NMDA receptors. High specific IgG SARS-CoV-2 S-Trimer Protein coincided with high