Online handwriting recognition of Arabic script is a difficult problem since it is naturally both cursive and unconstrained. The analysis of Arabic script is further complicated in comparison to Latin script due to obligatory dots/stokes that are placed above or below most letters. This paper introduces a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based system to provide solutions for most of the difficulties i...

The increased use of social media in Arab regions has attracted spammers seeking new victims. Spammers use accounts on Twitter to distribute adult content in Arabic-language tweets, yet this content is prohibited in these countries due to Arabic cultural norms. These spammers succeed in sending targeted spam by exploiting vulnerabilities in content-filtering and internet censorship systems, pri...

We present a comprehensive Arabic tagging system: from the raw text to tagging disambiguation. For each processing step in the tagging system, we analyze the existing solutions (if any) and use one of them or propose, implement and evaluate a new one. This work began with designing a new Arabic tagset suitable for Classical Arabic (CA) and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). In addition to the classi...

The tourist flows between the Arabic-speaking world and the West have strengthened the need to develop several Arabic websites, brochures, guidebooks etc. in order to be closer to Arabic speaking visitors to Western countries. In the field of tourism, English has a predominant role and the Arabic language, through different strategies of word-formation, is reacting to Western influence by gener...

This study addressed the development of and the relationship between foundational metalinguistic skills and word reading skills in Arabic. It compared Arabic-speaking children’s phonological awareness (PA), morphological awareness, and voweled and unvoweled word reading skills in spoken and standard language varieties separately in children across five grade levels from childhood to adolescence...

Part Of Speech (POS) tagger is an essential preprocessing step in many natural language applications. In this paper, we investigate the best configuration of trigram Hidden Markov Model (HMM) Arabic POS tagger when small tagged corpus is available. With small training data, unknown word POS guessing is the main problem. This problem becomes more serious in languages which have huge size of voca...

The ENGTWOL morphological analyser is a 55,000 entry Koskenniemi-style morphological description of English that assigns all recognised input word forms with all possible morphological readings as a disjunctive list. Those words not recognised by the ENGTWOL analyser are analysed by a heuristic module; part-ofspeech readings are assigned on the basis of the form of the word (endings etc.). The ...

Major depressive disorder is associated with dysfunction in brain regions involved in language and emotion processing. Despite evidence of emotion processing biases in depression, neurophysiological evidence of language dysfunction for emotional words in depression has been inconsistent. This series of three studies evaluated whether depressed individuals exhibited abnormal semantic processing ...

philosophical and scientific studies, with medicine especially well represented, but the work's usefulness will not be limited to these areas. Endress and Gutas have registered every word in most of the texts they have included; their Lexicon is thus not only a dictionary of technical and scientific vocabulary, but covers ordinary discourse and literary language as well. In this regard it is ve...

The world heritage of handwritten Arabic documents is huge however only manual indexing and retrieval techniques of the content of these documents are available. To facilitate an automatic retrieval of such handwritten Arabic document, a number of automatic recognition systems for handwritten Arabic words have been proposed. Nevertheless, these systems suffer from low recognition accuracy due t...