The Pfeffer Zelle (Pfeffer Cell Apparatus), invented by Wilhelm Pfeffer [6] in 1877, measured the minimum pressure needed to prevent a pure solvent from passing into a solution across a semi-permeable membrane, called osmotic pressure. The apparatus provided Pfeffer with a way to quantitatively measure osmotic pressure. Pfeffer devised the apparatus in the 1870s at the University of Basel [7] i...

The nuclear apparatus of Hyphomicrobium sp. strain B-522 is examined by various microscopy and radiolabeling techniques to determine its behavior during the reproductive cycle of these bacteria. The young, swarmer cell contains a single nucleoid comprised of a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule with a molecular weight of 3.1 x 10(9). After development of the swarmer into a mature mother cell ...

during the last decades a new class of materials named fiber/metal laminates (fmls) was introduced. it is a hybrid composite consisting of alternating thin layers of metal sheets and fiber-reinforced composite material. fmls have both low weight and good mechanical properties. in this study, the impact behavior of this attractive material is investigated. the effect of fiber angle, stacking seq...

in many reservoirs, after water flooding, a large volume of oil is still left behind. hot water injection is the most basic type of thermal recovery which increase recovery by improved sweep efficiency and thermal expansion of crude.in the present work, the effects of injection rate and the temperature of the injected water were surveyed by using core flooding apparatus. water flooding was perf...

Intact Golgi apparatus have been isolated with good purity from rat testis by a simplified sucrose gradient technique. The procedure is inherently selective in that most of the Golgi apparatus in the isolate are from germ cells in late spermatocyte or early spermatid development. No Sertoli cell Golgi apparatus are present in the fraction. Biochemical analyses showed that the enzyme N-acetylglu...

In this chapter, a prototype small photothermal deflection apparatus was constructed on a laboratory bench. Not including excitation laser, data collection computer, and gas pumps, the apparatus fits on a bench space with a footprint of about 10 cm x 10 cm. This is a prototype apparatus that will be miniaturized in future assemblies. The apparatus was tested relative to the conventional laborat...

poor adhesion between two successive bituminous layers causes adverse effects on the structural strength of the pavement and develops a numbers of premature failure. to improve the adhesion, it is a general practice to apply a tack coat over an existing or newly constructed bituminous surface before laying another bituminous layer. the main objective of this study is to explore the influence of...

The silver proteinate reaction was used to stain carbohydrate-rich substances in normal Amoeba proteus and in the developing Golgi apparatus of renucleated amoebae. Normal cells contained stained material, which probably is glycoprotein, in the cell surface, cisternae at the concave pole of the Golgi apparatus, and cytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles. Previous radioautographic studies had shown t...