OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify brain regions having aberrant pain-induced activation in migraineurs, thereby gaining insight into particular aspects of pain processing that are atypical in migraineurs. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging assessed whole brain responses to painful heat in 24 adult episodic migraineurs who were at least 48 hours pain free and 27 ...

Increased fear memory generalization is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder, but the circuit mechanisms that regulate memory specificity remain unclear. Here, we define a neural circuit-composed of the medial prefrontal cortex, the nucleus reuniens (NR), and the hippocampus-that controls fear memory generalization. Inactivation of prefrontal inputs into the NR or direct silencing of N...

Although childhood is connected with high neuroplasticity changes, but because of the immaturity of the neural and cognitive systems, it is ready to grow developmental deviations and future susceptibility for neuropsychological disorders. Young children face cognitive, emotional, and linguistic limits that may lead them more vulnerable to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD prevalence d...

Developmental stuttering is a disorder of speech fluency with an unknown pathogenesis. The similarity of its phenotype and natural history with other childhood neuropsychiatric disorders of frontostriatal pathology suggests that stuttering may have a closely related pathogenesis. We investigated in this study the potential involvement of frontostriatal circuits in developmental stuttering. We c...

Abstract Biological rhythms regulate physiological activities. Shiftwork disrupts normal circadian and may increase the risk of cancer through unknown mechanisms. To mimic environmental light/dark changes encountered by shift workers, a protocol called ‘chronic jet lag (CJL)’ induced repeatedly shifting light–dark cycles has been used. Here, we subjected mice to CJL advancing cycle 6 h every 2 ...

The cortical and subcortical forebrain connections of the marmoset prefrontal cortex (PFC) were examined by injecting the retrograde tracer, choleratoxin, and the anterograde tracer, biotin dextran amine, into four sites within the PFC. Two of the sites, the lateral and orbital regions, had previously been shown to provide functionally dissociable contributions to distinct forms of behavioral f...

The hippocampus is thought to be critical for encoding contextually bound memories and setting the context for ongoing behavior. However, the mechanisms by which the hippocampal-cortical system controls behavior are poorly understood. We propose a computational model in which the hippocampus exerts contextual control over motivated behavior by gating prefrontal cortex inputs to the nucleus accu...