The task of classification occurs in a wide range of human activity. The problem concerns learning a decision rule that allows to assign a pattern to a decision option on the basis of observed attributes or features. Contexts in which a classification task is fundamental include, sorting letters on the basis of machine-read postcodes, the preliminary diagnosis of a patient’s disease or the frau...

Abstract This paper defends the possibility of dirty hands against longstanding skepticism that an action cannot be simultaneously right and wrong cases are therefore impossible. While skeptics to recognize prima facie reasons violating moral duties may overridden, they deny actions required by necessity nevertheless remain wrong. Dirty capture simultaneous disregarding in certain circumstances...

How people judge something to be morally right or wrong is a fundamental question of both the sciences and the humanities. Here we aim to identify the neural processes that underlie the specific conclusion that something is morally wrong. To do this, we introduce a novel distinction between "moral deliberation," or the weighing of moral considerations, and the formation of a "moral verdict," or...

In June 2022, the Supreme Court handed down a decision, Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization , which dismantled fundamental right to choose abortion. A line of decisions dating back 1920s recognized unenumerated liberties related parenting, marriage, and contraception tied constitutional privacy. Almost half century ago, in Roe Wade declared that this privacy was broad enough encompass ...

Abstract The now prevalent use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and specifically machine learning driven models to automate the making decisions raises novel legal issues. One issue particular importance arises when rationale for automated decision is not readily determinable or traceable by virtue complexity model used: How can such a be legally assessed substantiated? any potential liability “...

“All models are wrong but some are useful" [1]. We address the problem of identifying which diagnosis models are more useful than others. Models are critical to diagnostics inference, yet little work exists to be able to compare models. We define the role of models in diagnostics inference, propose metrics for models, and apply these metrics to a tank benchmark system. Given the many approaches...

There is broad consensus that printed complex words are identified on the basis of their constituent morphemes. This fact raises the issue of how the word identification system codes for morpheme position, hence allowing it to distinguish between words like overhang and hangover, and to recognize that preheat is a word, whereas heatpre is not. Recent data have shown that suffixes are identified...

Block A* and Any-angle Path-Planning Peter Yap and Neil Burch and Robert C. Holte and Jonathan Schaeffer Computing Science Department University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E8 [email protected], {nburch, rholte, jonathan}@ualberta.ca