Patients with antisocial personality disorder in outpatient treatment for substance use disorders are at high risk of drop-out. Using a randomized design, this study tested the impact of adding a brief psycho-educational program, the Impulsive Lifestyle Counseling program, to outpatient substance abuse treatment in order to prevent treatment dropout. Patients (N=175) were recruited from 13 muni...

OBJECTIVE Methods to prevent two major mental disorders, schizophrenia and conduct disorder, have been elusive. This study assessed the effects of an early nutritional, educational, and physical exercise enrichment program on adult outcome for schizotypal personality, conduct disorder, and criminal behavior. METHOD Eighty-three children were assigned to an experimental enrichment program from...

This study investigated the potential influence of labeling a juvenile as psychopathic. Juvenile probation officers (JPOs; N = 260) rendered hypothetical recommendations based on eight mock psychological evaluations. The evaluations varied the presence of two diagnostic criteria (antisocial behavioral history and psychopathic personality traits) and diagnostic labels (psychopathy, conduct disor...

Many personality assessment inventories provide gender-specific norms to allow comparison of an individual's standing relative to others of the same gender. In some cases, this means that an identical raw score produces standardized scores that differ notably depending on whether the respondent is male or female. Thus, an important question is whether unisex-normed scores or gender-normed score...

Patients 397 patients who were 18–65 years of age, had a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder according to DSM-IV criteria, had required intensive psychiatric treatment within 24 months before study entry, had received a stable dose of antipsychotic medication for >30 days before study entry, had resided at the same address for >30 days before study entry, and were judged clin...

The author discussed some points regarding the process of differentially diagnosing ADHD from antisocial personality disorder with antisocial behaviors, such as the use of amphetamines, theft, and violence, and borderline personality disorder with eating disorder, self-harming, overdose, and domestic violence. Firstly, the characteristics of ADHD are a lack of interest in criminal activity, cun...

BACKGROUND The frequent comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) raises the possibility that ADHD+CD is a distinct and separate condition. METHODS We tested hypotheses about patterns of familial association between ADHD, CD, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and adult antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Using family study methodology ...

BACKGROUND Antisocial behaviour may partly develop as a consequence of psychopathic personality. However, neither the direction of effects nor the aetiology of the association has previously been clarified. The aim in this study was to investigate the direction of effects between psychopathic personality and antisocial behaviour, and to investigate the genetic and environmental contribution to ...

The aims of this study were to examine whether certain axis I disorders characterized by impulsive aggression were associated with self-mutilative behavior and to evaluate the clinical correlates of self-mutilation in a sample of general psychiatric outpatients. Two hundred fifty-six outpatients were administered diagnostic interviews for axis I and axis II disorders. In addition, questionnaire...

Much evidence now suggests that patients with major mental disorders are at increased risk for crimes and violence. Leading experts in forensic psychiatry have proposed that the illegal behaviors are a consequence of these major disorders. Yet, longitudinal studies have consistently indicated that adult criminality is preceded by a childhood history of antisocial behavior. We hypothesized that ...