With rapid advances in computer network technology and the increasing interest in global information sharing, grows the need for facilities that can eeectively maintain the database consistency and program compatibility as the schema evolves. In this paper, we present a general framework based on versions of schema for supporting seamless schema evolution in large-scale object-oriented software...

A database schema denotes the description of the structure and behavior of a database. Straightforwardly, (database) schema evolution refers to changes of the database schema that occur during the lifetime of the corresponding database. It particularly refers to changes of schema elements already stored in the database. The information about a database schema is stored in the schema catalog. Da...

We provide mechanisms that facilitate database design based on a shrink wrap schema. A shrink wrap schema is a well-crafted, complete, global schema that represents an application. We develop the notion of concept schemas as a way to decompose shrink wrap schemas. A concept schema is a subset of an application schema that addresses one particular point of view in an application. To aid in shrin...

The aim of the present article is to probe the functions of the cultural schema of Ta’ne (sarcasm) in Persian. Results from 100 recorded instantiations of Ta’ne accumulated through ethnographic approach indicated that it served different functions including complaint, criticism, insult, contempt, humor, and compliment. The results were then discussed with reference to the cultural differences i...

Schema matching is the problem of finding relationships among concepts across heterogeneous data sources that are heterogeneous in format and in structure. Starting from the “hidden meaning” associated with schema labels (i.e. class/attribute names) it is possible to discover relationships among the elements of different schemata. Lexical annotation (i.e. annotation w.r.t. a thesaurus/lexical r...

You can create source models from your relational source schema data of your metadata to be required in order to convert datatypes or to interpret your metadata. As with Designer's JDBC, Salesforce and WSDL importers, the XML File. Editing and validation support for XML Schema, Relax NG, NVDL scripts, Browse, edit, or query using XQuery and SQL with native XML or relational oXygen includes a to...

Generating Web site schema is a core step for value-added services on the web such as comparative shopping and information integration systems. Several approaches have been developed to detect this schema. For a real web site, due to the complexity of the site schema, post process of this schema such as labeling the schema types, comparing among different schema types and generating an extracto...

The capsule polysaccharide locus (cps) is the site of the capsule biosynthesis gene cluster in encapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae. A set of pneumococcal samples and non-pneumococcal streptococci from Denmark, the Gambia, the Netherlands, Thailand, the UK and the USA were sequenced at the cps locus to elucidate serologically mistyped or non-typable isolates. We identified a novel serotype 33B...

The discovery of antigenic variation in Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease, provides a potential explanation for the chronic nature of infection as well as new insights into the genetic structure of highly recombinogenic loci responsible for combinatorial genetic diversification.