BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that both high frequency (10-20 Hz) and low frequency (1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have an antidepressant effect in some individuals. Electrophysiologic data indicate that high frequency rTMS enhances neuronal firing efficacy and that low frequency rTMS has the opposite effect. METHODS We investigated the antidepressant effects o...

BACKGROUND It is a well-known fact that 5HT6 ligands increase glutamate levels. In the current study we investigated whether a 5HT6 antagonist, SB399885 would show antidepressant like property at a dose which would significantly increase the glutamate levels. Further we studied if the combination of a 5HT6 antagonist and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, memantine would restore the antide...

general population surveys often report that only a small proportion of individuals with common mental disorders seek mental health treatment, suggesting a high level of unmet need for mental health care in the community. in recent years, however, the number of adults in industrialized countries who are treated with antidepressant medications has dramatically increased. this paper reviews the p...

Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in the pathogenesis of depression and in the antidepressant response to SSRIs. A functional new variant in the promoter region of the 5-HT1A gene was recently reported (-1019 C>G). The aim of this study is to investigate a possible association between this 5-HT1A receptor variant and antidepressant response to fluvoxamine in ...

Major depression is frequently associated with hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, and glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitors have been shown to exert antidepressant action. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of co-administration of fluoxetine or tianeptine with metyrapone on immobility time and plasma corticosterone concentration in male Wistar rat...

OBJECTIVE While guidelines for treating patients with bipolar depression recommend discontinuing antidepressants within 6 months after remission, few studies have assessed the implications of this strategy on the risk for depressive relapse. This study examined the effect of antidepressant discontinuation or continuation on depressive relapse risk among bipolar subjects successfully treated for...

OBJECTIVES The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Allium sativum L. (Family: Lilliaceae), commonly known as garlic, on depression in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanolic extract of garlic (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) was administered orally for 14 successive days to young Swiss albino mice of either sex and antidepressant-like activity was evaluated ...

OBJECTIVES A marked decline in suicide rates has co-occurred with increased antidepressant sales in several countries but the causal connection between the trends remains debated. Most previous studies have focused on overall suicide rates and neglected differential effects in population subgroups. Our objective was to investigate whether increasing sales of non-tricyclic antidepressants have r...

CONTEXT Antidepressants have recently become the most commonly prescribed class of medications in the United States. OBJECTIVE To compare sociodemographic and clinical patterns of antidepressant medication treatment in the United States between 1996 and 2005. DESIGN Analysis of antidepressant use data from the 1996 (n = 18 993) and 2005 (n = 28 445) Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys. SETT...

Epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders and are unique potential targets for therapeutic intervention. The acetylating agent L-acetylcarnitine (LAC), a well-tolerated drug, behaves as an antidepressant by the epigenetic regulation of type 2 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu2) receptors. It caused a rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effect in Flinders Sen...