Paper product manufacturing involves a variety of chemicals used either directly in paper and pulp production or in the conversion processes (i.e. printing, gluing) that follow. Due to economic and environmental initiatives, paper recycling rates continue to rise. In Europe, recycling has increased by nearly 20% within the last decade or so, reaching a level of almost 72% in 2012. With increasi...

To improve the increasingly demands products that are customized, all business activities performed along the product life cycle must be coordinated and efficiently managed along the extended enterprise. For this, enterprise had wanted to retain control over the whole product lifecycle especially when the product is in use/recycling (End Of Life phase). Although there have been many previous re...

The hollow-anode discharge is a special form of glow discharge. It is shown that a drastically reduced anode area is responsible for a positive anode voltage drop of 30-40 V and an increased anode sheath thickness. This leads to an ignition of a relatively dense plasma in front of the anode hole. Langmuir probe measurements inside a specially designed hollow anode plasma source give an electron...

There are several obstacles to the commercialization of PEM fuel cells.  One of the reasons is that the presence of carbon monoxide (CO) in the reformatted fuel, even at a very small scale, decreases the fuel cell performance. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of CO in reformatted fuel on PEM fuel cell performance. For this purpose, a steady state, one-dimensional and non-isoth...

This study aims to incorporate the information collected from the product’s usage phase into making appropriate end-of-use and end-of-life (EOU/L) recovery decisions (e.g., reuse, remanufacturing, recycling, refurbishing, disposal) for consumer electronics. The analyses are focused on discovering a mutual link between the actual product usage behavior of consumers and the future reusability of ...

Manufacturing industries are beginning to face one of the consequences resulting from the rapid development which has occurred during the last decade. The most evident effect is that landfill capacity is being used up. Therefore, a systematic approach to recycling is both urgent and imperative. It has been also recognized that appropriate disassembly of used products is necessary in order to ma...

Disposal of crawfish processing by-products poses a challenging problem to the rapidly expanding crawfish industry. Degradation of mass and nutrient content was determined during co-composting of different mixtures of rice hulls and crawfish by-products. This experiment was also undertaken to assess the suitability of recycling compost product with additional crawfish by-products. Mixtures cont...

In a dynamic general equilibrium model we explictly consider the relationship between the product attributes ’durability’ and ’recyclability’. Both efficiency and sustainability aspects are taken into account. It turns out (a) that durability may be inefficient even in a perfectly competitive economy in which environmental externalities are absent, (b) that in case where markets for product des...

This paper demonstrates that a proper design of environmental-regulation pricing strategies is able to promote Extended Product Responsibility for green supply chain firms in a competitive market. A differential game model comprising Vidale-Wolfe equation has been established in light of sales competition and recycling dynamics as well as regulation related profit function. Analytic solutions o...