supply of credits to farmers seems necessary because of the importance of credits in order to assurance the efficiency of production process. the purpose of this study is identification factors affecting on credits allocation to agricultural activities and factors affecting on probability failure to repay of credits received .for this study, 196 farmers and customers who have received loans fro...

in order to analyse the effective factors contributing to land fragmentation, required data ‎were collected by questionnaire from 151 farmers who were selected through a stratified random ‎sampling design from 12 villages of ramjerd yek subdistrict of marvdasht country. factor analysis ‎was used to identity explanatory factors of land fragmentation. the variables of natural-farming, ‎socio-cult...

The working papers published in the Series constitute work in progress circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comments. Views expressed represent exclusively the authors' own opinions and do not necessarily reflect those of the editors. Ruhr Graduate School in Economics ECON Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese P...

Researchers have estimated differential mortality across socioeconomic groups by classifying individuals using income in the previous year. The first problem with this strategy is reverse causation. Second, annual income is a noisy measure of permanent income. This paper tackles these two drawbacks by using better measures of lifetime earnings from administrative records to classify individuals...

OBJECTIVES To project the number of people aged 45-64 years with lost productive life years (PLYs) due to diabetes and related costs (lost income, extra welfare payments, lost taxation revenue); and lost gross domestic product (GDP) attributable to diabetes in Australia from 2015 to 2030. DESIGN A simulation study of how the number of people aged 45-64 years with diabetes increases over time ...

In this article, we report results from a new study that surveyed a large, national sample of American adults about their willingness to pay for health reform. As in previous work, we find that self-identified Republicans, older Americans, and high-income Americans are less supportive of reform. However, these basic findings mask three important features of public opinion. First, income has a s...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of increased sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption on future adult obesity prevalence in South Africa in the absence of preventive measures. DESIGN A model was constructed to simulate the effect of a 2·4 % annual increase in SSB consumption on obesity prevalence. The model computed the change in energy intake assuming a compounding increase in SSB consump...

Studies have shown that natural environments can enhance health and here we build upon that work by examining the associations between comprehensive greenspace metrics and health. We focused on a large urban population center (Toronto, Canada) and related the two domains by combining high-resolution satellite imagery and individual tree data from Toronto with questionnaire-based self-reports of...