Animal species detection is one of the crucial steps for consumer’s food analysis. In the present study we developed an in-house built loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid detection of adulterated cow DNA in goat milk/meat samples. The cow milk/tissue DNA in goat milk/meat samples were identified in the developed LAMP assay by either naked eye visualizing with SYBR Gree...

The origins of Helmholtz's invention of the ophthalmoscope are found in the ancient observation that the back of the eye appeared black. In 1703, Jean Méry reported that the luminosity of the cat's eye could be seen when the animal was held under water, and Mariotte observed that a dog's eye was luminous but erroneously thought this was because its choroid was white. Prévost made a breakthrough...

Equations are described to derive the true anterior chamber dimensions of an eye from a photograph of its optical section. If the surface of the eye is assumed to be spherical, the three-dimensional coordinates of rays emanating from the anterior chamber to a camera can be transformed to two-dimensional coordinates on a plane, which contains rays both inside and outside of the "eye." The actual...

Listing's law (LL) states that 3D-eye positions lie in a plane, when they are described as single-axis rotations from the primary position. This implies that the degrees of freedom of eye movements are reduced from three to two. Various hypotheses exist, regarding the implementation of LL. These include facilitation of binocular vision, optimization of oculomotor control, and mechanical constra...

To Charles Darwin, it was obvious that animals are sentient, so why should the idea not be now universally accepted? I review the difficulties and issues with animal sentience with a view to answering some of the critics. Sentience is ‘the hard problem’ and it is important we acknowledge the difficulties and do not claim too much for the evidence we have. Two sorts of evidence are examined: evi...

The drug development process for CNS indications is hampered by a paucity of preclinical tests that accurately predict drug efficacy in humans. Here, we show that a wide variety of CNS-active drugs induce characteristic alterations in visual stimulus-induced and/or spontaneous eye movements in mice. Active compounds included sedatives and antipsychotic, antidepressant, and antiseizure drugs as ...

Primates orient visual gaze using different eye-head coordination strategies. To test how these strategies are formed, we trained a macaque monkey to perform 'head-only' gaze shifts looking through a 10 degrees head-fixed aperture. When we suddenly relocated this aperture 15 degrees downward, the animal could orient initial eye position toward the new aperture, but during large gaze saccades th...

Methods of evaluating eye preparations from a human safety standpoint have remained somewhat obscure. Toxicology and predictive irritancy studies in animal models can be readily retrieved from the literature (1-4), but methods for human testing are not as available. The rabbit is the species of choice for the preliminary evaluation of potential ocular irritation from toiletties, cosmetics and h...

Third eyelid covers the medial canthus of the eye and consists of T-shaped flap like cartilage and tear gland, both are helpful in protection of eye. Prolapsed gland appeared as a dark pink to reddish mass and misdiagnosed as a tumor and treated like a tumor in which gland is excised out. The present report describes a case of cherry eye (prolapse of third eyelid) in 18 months old Cocker spanie...

3 p.m.?The eye is already much irritated ; laehymation profuse. Tlio dog keeps rubbing it with his paw, and resting the side of the head against the wall; he is very restless and uneasy; chemosis rapidly increasing. 3-5.?Lying down; rubbing the*eye, which is much cliemosed ; whining and restless. 3-16.?Dog very restless; lies with his head resting against the wall. 3-28.?Eye intensely swollen ;...