Gypsy moth is an exotic insect from Europe and was introduced into the United States in the mid 1800s near Boston Massachusetts. The moth spread throughout the Northeast and remained there until the 1930s. The following years saw rapid migration throughout the mid-Atlantic regions. By the 1990s, the moth was found throughout the northeast, mid-Atlantic regions, Michigan, and currently inhabits ...

The subfamily Cyclidiinae from China is reviewed: two genera and seven species are reported from China. One new subspecies, Cyclidia fractifasciata indistincta subsp. n., is described. Two new synonyms are established: Cyclidia substigmaria (Hübner, 1831) (= Cyclidia substigmaria brunna Chu & Wang, 1987, syn. n. = Cyclidia tetraspota Chu & Wang, 1987, syn. n.). One misidentification in Chu & Wa...

Aegle marmelos has been used as antidiarrheal, antibacterial and antifungal agent in Unani system of medicine. The plant is highly used by the rural and tribal people for the treatment of diseases. However, despite its traditional usage as an antidiarrheal, antibacterial and antifungal agent, there is limited information regarding its uses in different diseases. The present article enumerates v...

The hydrilla tip mining midge, Cricotopus lebetis Sublette (Diptera: Chironomidae), is a biological control agent of the invasive aquatic weed hydrilla, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (Hydrocharitaceae). Mass rearing of the midge for augmentative releases can be compromised by competition from the adventive hydrilla leafcutter moth, Parapoynx diminutalis Snellen (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Th...

Diapause in insects occurs in response to environmental cues, such as changes in photoperiod, and it is a major adaptation by which insects synchronize their activity with biotic resources and environmental constraints. For multivoltine agricultural insect pests, diapause initiation is an important consideration in management decisions, particularly toward the end of the growing season. The gra...

Tiger moths (Erebidae: Arctiinae) have experienced intense selective pressure from echolocating, insectivorous bats for over 65 million years. One outcome has been the evolution of acoustic signals that advertise the presence of toxins sequestered from the moths' larval host plants, i.e. acoustic aposematism. Little is known about the effectiveness of tiger moth anti-bat sounds in their natural...

Olfactory responses of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), a major defoliator of deciduous trees, were examined in Inner Mongolia, China. We studied whether the gypsy moth adults are attracted by the major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of damaged Larix gmelinii (Dahurian larch) foliage and compared the attractiveness of the plant volatiles with that of the synt...

The granulovirus of Cydia pomonella (L.) (CpGV) offers potential for selective control of codling moth. Two major limitations of CpGV are its narrow host range and lack of persistence in the orchard agroecosystem. The nucleopolyhedroviruses of the alfalfa looper Autographa californica (Speyer) (AcMNPV) and those of the celery looper Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV) have broad host ranges. C...

Naïve red (Lasiurus borealis Müller) and big brown (Eptesicus fuscus Beauvois) bats quickly learn to avoid noxious sound-producing tiger moths. After this experience with a model tiger moth, bats generalize the meaning of these prey-generated sounds to a second tiger moth species producing a different call. Here we describe the three-dimensional kinematic and bioacoustic details of this behavio...

Attempts to control diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) using insect parasitoids have not been entirely successful. Parasitoids which have been utilized include Diadegma species and Cotesia plutellae. A better understanding of the systematics of these Hymenoptera could lead to their more effective exploitation in biological control. Diadegma is a very large and difficult genus of lchneumo...