We describe in this paper how different learning strategies can be applied on the same NLP task, namely chunking. The reference corpus is extracted from the French Treebank, the symbolic learning strategy used is grammatical inference and the statistical one is CRFs (Conditional Random Fields). As expected, the symbolic approach allows readability but is less effective than the statistical one....

Contrary to common views that philosophy is extraneous to cognitive science, this paper argues that philosophy has a crucial role to play in cognitive science with respect to generality and normativity. General questions include the nature of theories and explanations, the role of computer simulation in cognitive theorizing, and the relations among the different fields of cognitive science. Nor...

Microorganisms are very important in the initiation of pulpo-periapical pathosis. Due to the complexity of the root canal system, the mechanical instrumentation of the root canal system should be supplemented with proper canal irrigants and medicaments. It has been revealed that due to the interactions of canal irrigants and medicaments with dentin and contents of the canal system, the antimicr...

Producing knowledge is of fundamental importance and disseminating knowledge is a moral and ethical task that must not be neglected, especially by those who belong to a university institution strongly committed to teaching, research and patient care. The words science, technology and research denote three highly complex concepts of human activity. In medicine, and in surgery in particular, this...

The production of autonomously functioning, integrated, complex networks of physico-chemical processes requires the creation of some mode of informational representation in molecular form (genes), not only as a matter of fact but also as the only plausible way of designing such systems to achieve control with a level of specificity typical of molecular biological processes. Likewise, only throu...

If L is a selfdual Lagrangian L on a reflexive phase space X ×X∗, then the vector field x → ∂̄L(x) := {p ∈ X∗; (p, x) ∈ ∂L(x, p)} is maximal monotone. Conversely, any maximal monotone operator T on X is derived from such a potential on phase space, that is there exists a selfdual Lagrangian L on X ×X∗ (i.e, L∗(p, x) = L(x, p)) such that T = ∂̄L. This solution to problems raised by Fitzpatrick can...

Distributional thesauri are useful in many tasks of Natural Language Processing. In this paper, we address the problem of building and evaluating such thesauri with the help of Information Retrieval (IR) concepts. Two main contributions are proposed. First, following the work of (Claveau et al., 2014), we show how IR tools and concepts can be used with success to build a thesaurus. Through seve...

This review describes: (i) perturbations of the membrane lipids that are induced by integral membrane proteins, and reciprocally, (ii) the effects that the lipids may have on the function of membrane-associated proteins. Topics of the first category that are covered include: stoichiometry and selectivity of the first shell of lipids associated at the intramembranous perimeter of transmembrane p...

AIMS To assess if cannabis use is a risk factor for future psychotic symptoms, and vice versa, in adolescents and young adults from the general population. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS 'Zuid Holland' study, a 14-year follow-up study of 1580 initially 4-16-year-olds who were drawn randomly from the Dutch general population. Because cannabis use is generally condoned in the Nethe...