Much of our understanding of the visuotopic organization of striate cortex results from single-electrode penetrations and serial recording of receptive field properties. However, the quality of these maps is limited by imprecision in quantifying electrode position, combining data from multiple laminae, and eye drift during the measurement of the receptive field properties. We have addressed the...

We present a theory by which idealized models of auditory receptive fields can be derived in a principled axiomatic manner, from a set of structural properties to (i) enable invariance of receptive field responses under natural sound transformations and (ii) ensure internal consistency between spectro-temporal receptive fields at different temporal and spectral scales. For defining a time-frequ...

1. A reverse correlation (6, 8, 25, 35) method is developed that allows quantitative determination of visual receptive-field structure in two spatial dimensions. This method is applied to simple cells in the cat striate cortex. 2. It is demonstrated that the reverse correlation method yields results with several desirable properties, including convergence and reproducibility independent of mode...

The present study investigated the role that comprehending words for objects plays in 10- and 11-month-old infants' ability to individuate those objects in a spatiotemporally ambiguous event. To do this, we employed an object individuation task in which infants were familiarized to two objects coming in and out from behind a screen in alternation, and then the screen was removed to reveal eithe...

Recent findings in dorsal visual stream areas and computational work raise the question whether neurons at the end station of the ventral visual stream can code for stimulus position. The authors provide the first detailed, quantitative data on the spatial sensitivity of neurons in the anterior part of the inferior temporal cortex (area TE) in awake, fixating monkeys. They observed a large vari...

The receptive field (RF) of neurons recorded from the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) was quantified using a rapid, computer-driven mapping procedure. For each neuron, the RF was mapped: (1) during attentive fixation and (2) during free visual exploration. RF location, size and internal structure were modulated by the mapping context in over two-thirds of the recorded neurons. The major trend ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the phonological awareness abilities of 2 groups of 4-year-old children: one with normally developing speech and language skills and the other with moderately or severely delayed expressive phonological skills but age-appropriate receptive vocabulary skills. Each group received tests of articulation, receptive vocabulary, phonemic perception, early liter...

The role of spike rate versus timing codes in visual target selection is unclear. We simultaneously recorded activity from multiple frontal eye field neurons and asked whether they interacted to select targets from distractors during visual search. When both neurons in a pair selected the target and had overlapping receptive fields (RFs), they cooperated more than when one or neither neuron in ...

The human visual system is normally very good at determining the relative positions of objects in space, but under certain conditions contextual influences can cause significant errors in this process. We studied spatial localization around an artificial scotoma, a small mask that occludes part of the visual field while a dynamic pattern is shown over a surrounding region, and found that the ab...

Indirect effects of preschool classroom indexes of teacher talk were tested on fourth-grade outcomes for 57 students from low-income families in a longitudinal study of classroom and home influences on reading. Detailed observations and audiotaped teacher and child language data were coded to measure content and quantity of verbal interactions in preschool classrooms. Preschool teachers' use of...