The energy content of wastewater is routinely assessed by chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements that only provide an incomplete picture and the data fundament of other energy parameters remains scarce. The volumetric heat of combustion (ΔCH) of raw wastewater from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was assessed using oven drying method (ΔCHvol = −6.8 ± 4.3 kJ L, n = 20) and freez...

Accurate estimations of nutrient digestion and retention are critical in nutrient balance and feed evaluation studies because errors that occur are often additive. However, there is no standard universal method for drying feces, urine, or excreta before laboratory analysis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of 4 different drying methods on nutrient concentrations in feces, ...

Citrus peel essential oils have an impressive range of food and medicinal uses. In the present study we investigated the variation in the yield and chemical composition of the essential oils isolated from fresh, ambient-, and oven-dried peels of three Citrus species namely Citrus reticulata (C. reticulata), Citrus sinensis (C. sinensis) and Citrus paradisii (C. paradisii). The hydro-distilled e...

Background: This study aimed at determining the appropriate method for dewatering and drying biomass and selecting a suitable organic solvent for lipid extraction. Methods: Nannochloropsis Oculata was cultured in Gillard F/2 medium and after reaching the end of the stationary growth phase, algal biomass was separated from aqueous by centrifuge and dried through three methods: Oven, Air-dried an...

the purpose of this study was to produce oil in water nano-emulsion by ultrasonication, and investigate the influence of inulin and β-cyclodextrin on the prosperities of nano-emulsion and morphology of spray dried microcapsules. the results showed that emulsion droplet size in samples containing β-cyclodextrin (8.28±0.11 nm) was less than inulin samples (97.12±4.2 nm). considering sem photos, β...

Edible flowers have been used in the food and beverage industries because of their high nutritional value, flavor, scent. For storage edible these industries, drying is a necessity to store materials more easily prevent damage metabolites flowers. However, may affect metabolite retention conditions can differ according various methods. In this study, Agastache rugosa were dried using four diffe...