A s we have written elsewhere, 1 some aspects of life are too precious, intimate or corruptible to entrust to the market. We prohibit selling kidneys and buying wives or judges. But the market has unquestionably gained new territory in recent years, as more and more activities previously performed by government or nonprofit agencies — including interrogating Iraqi prisoners — have been turned o...

T he Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) is a parliamentary democracy with 16 states (Lander). The legislative branch has two chambers: the parliament (Bundestag), whose members are elected by the people for four-year terms by proportionate representation, and the Bundesrat, whose members are nominated by the state governments. The Chancellor, elected by parliament, is the head of government. The...

We examine whether the unbundling of generation from transmission and distri­ bution services at state-owned power plants in India improved operating effi­ ciency at these power plants. Between 1995 and 2009, 85 percent of coal-based generation capacity owned by state governments was unbundled from vertically integrated State Electricity Boards into state generating companies. We find that gene...

Before the Han Chinese immigration began in the mid-1600s, Taiwan was inhabited by people belonging to the Austronesian race, the members of which lived in a vast area extending from Madagascar in the west to Hawaii and Easter Island in the east, and from New Zealand in the south to Taiwan in the north. Taiwan's aborigines are believed to have come from the Malay archipelago in different waves ...

This paper studies how the pollution reduction mandates imposed by China's central government in 2001 triggered unanticipated responses from its provinces. We apply the difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) method to a unique dataset on industrylevel activities in counties along 24 major rivers in China from 1998 through 2008. We find that the most downstream county of a province has u...

A global center for commercial innovation, PARC, a Xerox company, works closely with enterprises, entrepreneurs, government program partners and other clients to discover, develop, and deliver new business opportunities. PARC was incorporated in 2002 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Xerox Corporation (NYSE: XRX).

Governments that privatize state industries often retain control over key distribution assets. While there are many examples of this form of partial privatization, to our knowledge there are no substantial quantitative studies of how governments use their control under these circumstances. In this paper we argue that the Russian government privatization of the oil sector during 1994-2003 is a u...

School Administrators’ Approach to Cooperation and Its Impact on Development of Cooperative Programs M.H. Hasani Shalmaani, Ph.D. Teachers as the main element in the educational system require more attention. However, the added attention needs not to be in the form of additional pay or welfare programs. What needs to be done is delegating power and allowing them to decide on...

BACKGROUND There is growing concern certain not-for-profit hospitals are not providing enough uncompensated care to justify their tax exempt status. Our objective was to compare the amount of uncompensated care provided by not-for-profit (NFP), for-profit (FP) and government owned hospitals. METHODS We used 2005 state inpatient data (SID) for 10 states to identify patients hospitalized for th...