Machine learning algorithms for prediction are increasingly being used in critical decisions a‚ecting human lives. Various fairness formalizations, with no €rm consensus yet, are employed to prevent such algorithms from systematically discriminating against people based on certain aŠributes protected by law. Œe aim of this article is to survey how fairness is formalized in the machine learning ...

Users’ critiques to the current recommendation form a crucial feedback mechanism for refining their preference models and improving a system’s accuracy in recommendations that may better interest the user. In this paper, we present a novel approach to assist users in making critiques according to their stated and potentially hidden preferences. This approach is derived from our previous work on...

The humanities offer great potential for enhancing professional and humanistic development in medical education. Yet, although many students report benefit from exposure to the humanities in their medical education, they also offer consistent complaints and skepticism. The authors offer a pedagogical definition of the medical humanities, linking it to medicine as a practice profession. They the...

1. "Against political ecology": the rebirth and development of event ecology Political ecology has faced two main critiques throughout its recent development. In a very influential article, "Against political ecology," Andrew Vayda and Bradley Walters (1999) argued that political ecologists were making a priori assumptions about the linkages between local environmental change and national and g...

The supposed rise of the regulatory state (Majone 1997), often associated with the international privatisation policies and ‘within government’ change (Hood et al. 1999), has led to a renewed emphasis on debates concerning accountability and transparency. Accountability and transparency have also become prominent features in the talk about ‘governance’, as promoted by diverse groups and organis...

Our experience with a critiquing system shows that when the system detects problems with the user’s performance, multiple critiques are often produced. Analysis of a corpus of actual critiques revealed that even though each individual critique is concise and coherent, the set of critiques as a whole may exhibit several problems that detract from conciseness and coherence, and consequently assim...

Critiquing is a powerful style of feedback for case-based recommender systems. Instead of providing detailed feature values, users indicate a directional preference for a feature. For example, a user might ask for a ‘less expensive’ restaurant in a restaurant recommender; ‘less expensive’ is a critique over the price feature. The value of critiquing is that it is generally applicable over a wid...

Abstract Empirical and theoretical insights from the rich body of research on ‘integration’ in migration studies have led to increasing recognition its complexity. Among European scholars, however, there remains no consensus how integration should be defined nor what processes entail. Integration has, moreover, been subject powerful academic critiques, some decrying any further use concept. In ...