background addiction is a community problem, which has a negative effect on mental health and huge burden on society. previous studies clarify the role of substance abuser attitude on addiction.this study aimed to evaluate the effect of psycho education on attitude to drug addiction in patients with opioid dependency. material and methods total 40 patients (age18-45 years old), who have been re...

the main purpose of this article is analyzing the disadvantages of the third world’s administrative systems. the cause effects of these disadvantage and deficits are as underdevelopment aspects such as economical, industrial, etc. at first glance, the article analysis the general characteristics of the third world countries. characteristics such as: producer of materials, explosion population, ...

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group Triple-P on the relationships of mother-child with ID (Intellectual Disability).  Methods: In this semi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design by control group, Parent-Child Relationship Scale (PCRS) was determined in 40 random clustering selected mothers of children with ID before and after the intervent...

Methadone is widely being used for opioid substitution therapy. However, the administration of methadone to opioid dependent individual is frequently accompanied by withdrawal syndrome and chemical dependency develops. Other than that, it is also difficult to retain patients in the treatment programme making their retention rates are decreasing over time. This article is written to higlights th...

Background: Breastfeeding is one of the best ways to promote, develop, and secure the health of infants. Child abuse is one of the most common and most important problems in the world, and one of the factors that increase its incidence is substance dependency of the parents. Breastfeeding beyond the normal age range can be harmful to the health of the mother and baby, and may represent a pathol...

to be able to reach the level of ultimate attainment in the second language, learners need to acquire not only the grammar of the l2 but also the language processing mechanisms involved in the comprehension of sentences in real time. contrary to its importance, very little is known yet about online l2 processing. this study examines whether advanced iranian learners of english reactivate disloc...