Background subtraction is a widely used concept to detect moving objects in videos taken from a static camera. In the last two decades several algorithms have been developed for background subtraction and were used in various important applications such as visual surveillance, sports video analysis, motion capture, etc.Various statistical approaches have been proposed to model scene background....

In this paper we introduce a novel approach of foreground-background-shadow separation. Our method tries to extract the accurate silhouettes of foreground objects even if they have partly background like colors and shadows are observable on the image. It does not need any a priory information about the shapes of the objects, it assumes only they are not point-wise. The method exploits temporal ...

Shoot branching, i.e., the timing and position of shoot growth, determines to a large extend the pattern of plant architecture, and is the result of the integration of a plant's genetic background and environmental cues. Many genes that are involved in the formation and outgrowth of axillary buds have been cloned, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. Branching pattern is an important agron...

We report on a current investigation of the anisotropy pattern induced by cosmic strings on the cosmic microwave background radiation (MBR). We have numerically evolved a network of cosmic strings from a redshift of Z = 100 to the present and calculated the anisotropies which they induce. Based on a limited number of realizations, we have compared the results of our simulations with the observa...

Cutaneous features manifest as a wide range of clinically significant, and in many cases disfiguring and debilitating components of lupus erythematosus (LE). While the definitive etiology is in question, multifactorial and polygenic causes are likely to be involved in the production of the characteristic anti-nuclear autoantibody titers and immune cell infiltrates observed in chronic cutaneous ...

This paper introduces a hybrid approach that is based on color information that utilizes background subtraction technique, a mask and K-Mean clustering algorithm. This hybrid approach efficiently removes artifacts caused by lightening changes such as highlight, reflection, and shadows of moving objects from segmentation. We first create a mask by assigning values to R, G and B channels utilizin...

Eight species of Japanese birds were found to be infected with Leucocytozoon species using microscopic analysis. We used PCR and sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b) to compare the genetic background among these detected protozoa species. In 20 individuals of 22 samples, a single amplified band was detected from 6 of 8 bird species; 9 Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopu...

Determining the properties of the dark components of the universe remains one of the outstanding challenges in cosmology. We explore how upcoming CMB anisotropy measurements, galaxy power spectrum data, and supernova ~SN! distance measurements can observationally constrain their gravitational properties with minimal assumptions on the theoretical side. SN observations currently suggest the exis...

Two recent works have analyzed a solar large and steady coronal loop observed with Yohkoh/SXT in two filter passbands to infer the distribution of the heating along it. Priest et al. (2000) modelled the distribution of the temperature obtained from filter ratio method with an analytical approach, and concluded that the heating was uniform along the loop. Aschwanden (2001) found that a uniform h...