Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: ASFA: American Society for Apheresis; CMAPs: Compound Muscle Action Potentials; CSF: Cerebrospinal Fluid; EEG: Electroencephalogram; EMG: Electromyogram; EVM: Eye opening, Verbal response, Motor response; GBS: Guillain Barré Syndrome; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; IVIG: Intravenous Immunoglobulin; NCS: Nerve Conduction Study; NMICU: NeuroM...

Anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulations (tDCS) are both established techniques to induce cortical excitability changes. Typically, in the human motor system, such cortical modulations are inferred through changes in the amplitude of the motor evoked potentials (MEPs). However, it is now possible to directly evaluate tDCS-induced changes at the cortical level by recording th...

Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a surgical procedure used to redirect nerves originally controlling muscles of the amputated limb into remaining muscles above the amputation, to treat phantom limb pain and facilitate prosthetic control. While this procedure effectively establishes robust prosthetic control, there is little knowledge on the behavior and characteristics of the reinnervated...

Motor imagery (MI) is the mental simulation of movement, without the corresponding muscle contraction. Whereas the activation of cortical motor areas during MI is established, the involvement of spinal structures is still under debate. We used original and complementary techniques to probe the influence of MI on spinal structures. Amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), cervico-medullary-e...

BACKGROUND Paraplegia is a devastating complication for patients undergoing repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. A monitor to detect spinal cord ischemia is necessary if anesthesiologists are to intervene to protect the spinal cord during aortic aneurysm clamping. METHODS The medical records of 60 patients who underwent thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair with regional lumbar epid...

introduction: tinnitus is a perception of sound without external source. the exact etiology of tinnitus is not fully understood, although some researchers believe that the condition usually starts in the cochlea. the aim of this study was to determine the potential contribution of outer hair cell dysfunction to chronic tinnitus, by application of distortion-product evoked otoacoustic emission (...

The electromyogram is the summation of the motor unit action potentials occurring during contraction measured at a given electrode location. The voltage potential of the surface electromyographic signal detected by electrodes strongly depends on several factors, varying between individuals and also over time within an individual. Thus, the amplitude of the EMG signal itself is not useful in gro...

Many critically ill patients in intensive care units suffer from an infection-induced whole body inflammatory state known as sepsis, which causes severe weakness in patients who survive. The mechanisms by which sepsis triggers intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) remain unclear. Currently, research into ICUAW is focused on dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system. During electromyo...

An electrophysiological method is described for estimating the numbers of motor units in the extensor digitorum brevis muscle in man. The results obtained are compared with counts of axons in the nerve to the muscle. The significance of the sizes of the evoked motor unit potentials is discussed.

We studied the effects of supplementing nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia with halothane (1 MAC end-tidal concentration) on the motor evoked potential recorded in the extradural space of eight patients before corrective surgery for idiopathic adolescent scoliosis. The motor cortex was stimulated electrically through the scalp. An additional eight patients in whom anaesthesia was supplemented wit...