Abstract. Variations in precipitation and atmospheric N deposition affect water availability desert thus may have significant effects on ecosystems. Haloxylon ammodendron is a dominant plant Asian desert, addressing its physiological acclimatization to the changes can provide insight into how plants adapt extreme environments by adjustment. Carbon isotope ratio (?13C) has been suggested as sens...

Management of sugar beet damping off and root rot diseases caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is urgently needed. Therefore, antifungal activities 13 materials including 2 bio agents, seaweeds, 3 chemical inducers 6 fungicides were evaluated. Required inoculum potential either fungal mass or sclerotia to reach more than 50% disease incidence was firstly investigated. Fungal inoculation (40-500...

Abstract. Multidimensional, heteronuclear NMR relaxation methods are used extensively to characterize the dynamics of biological macromolecules. Acquisition datasets on proteins typically requires significant measurement time, often several days. Accordion spectroscopy offers a powerful means shorten rate measurements by encoding “relaxation dimension” into indirect evolution period in multidim...

Amphetamine (AMP), an indirectly acting psychostimulant approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and adults, is among the most long-standing therapeutic agents in all of clinical psychopharmacology. This review focuses on AMP absorption, metabolism, and elimination brought to bear on comparative pharmacokinetics in its various formu...

Initial rate kinetics, product inhibition patterns, and equilibrium kinetics all indicate that cleavage of adenylosuccinate (AMP-S) by yeast adenylosuccinate lyase proceeds primarily by a reaction in which fumarate leaves the enzyme before AMP and cannot bind to free enzyme at kinetically significant concentrations. The alternate path, in which AMP leaves first, could be detected at equilibrium...

Signal transduction pathways enable organisms to monitor their external environment and adjust gene regulation to appropriately modify their cellular processes. Second messenger nucleotides including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (c-GMP), cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), and cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) play key roles in many...

The nucleotide adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP) can be released by various cell types and has been shown to elicit different cellular responses. In the extracellular space AMP is dephosphorylated to the nucleoside adenosine which can then bind to adenosine receptors. However, it has been shown that AMP can also activate A(1) and A(2a) receptors directly. Here we show that AMP is a potent modula...

Abstract. Air–sea flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a critical component the global cycle and climate system with ocean removing about quarter CO2 emitted into atmosphere by human activities over last decade. A common approach to estimate this net across air–sea interface use surface observations computation through bulk parameterization approach. Yet, details for how done in order arrive at upta...

Abstract. We evaluate the performance of Model Urban Network Intersecting Canyons and Highways (MUNICH) in simulating ozone (O3) nitrogen oxides (NOx) concentrations within urban street canyons São Paulo metropolitan area (SPMA). The MUNICH simulations are performed inside Pinheiros neighborhood (a residential area) Paulista Avenue (an economic hub), which representative SPMA. Both zones have a...