The present descriptive survey aims to analyze sustainable rural livelihood in Langarud County of Guilan province, Iran. The statistical population was composed of all rural people in this county (N=37904). Convenience sampling used to determine sample size (n=180). They were selected by proportionally allocated random sampling method. The research instrument was a self-designed questionnaire w...

We analyze the impact of a contract's length, callability, amortization and original discount by arbitrage methods. Among instruments that are callable without penalty, longer instruments command a higher interest rate because the borrower possesses the option of repaying relatively more slowly. However, the rate on longer self-amortizing loans cannot be substantially larger than for shorter on...

Liquid assets are critical for banking operations. They guarantee avoiding liquidity risk and widens managerial decision options to invest in emerging profitable projects; however, holding extra liquidity entails opportunity costs. Accordingly, empirical literature does not provide a conclusive relationship between liquidity and profitability. The purpose of this research is to analyze the asym...

Assessing risk assets is one of the most important research issues in the financial field. There are various pricing models of capital assets in financial. In many models, it is not possible to consider a lot of restrictions on portfolio selection. In this paper, for choosing optimal portfolios, taking into account the prosperity and recession periods, and the types of investors in terms of ris...

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact assets value added and liquidity stock in context evidence Indonesia relatively different situations conditions. novelty research using net value-added measurements, was conducted Indonesia, two situations, namely 2018-2019 (before corona virus occurred) 2020 (the occurred). contribution fills narrow gap field from perspective Indonesia. popu...

this paper analyzes the relationship between capital structure and earning management. for analysing we used 119 non-financial companies that listed in tehran stock exchange from 2000 to 2008. the researchers will focus on comparing the jones model and the modified jones model, which are the two most frequently used model in empirical analysis nowadays. earnings management is a kind of manageme...