In the Canadian Traveler Problem (CTP), a traveler seeks a shortest path to a destination through a road network, but unknown to the traveler, some roads may be blocked. This paper studies the Bayesian CTP (BCTP), in which road states are correlated with known prior probabilities and the traveler can infer the states of an unseen road from past observations of other correlated roads. As general...

One of the perennial issues politics has been problem striking a right balance between rights individual and authority State. While or sovereignty State is essential to maintain order stability in nation (which benevolent its each all citizens), theindividuals are for enabling them develop their personality lead happy prosperous life enjoying human rights. “Rights” “authority” not opposed other...

Nowadays, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) comprise a tremendously growing infrastructure for monitoring the physical or environmental conditions of objects. WSNs pose challenges to mitigating energy dissipation by constructing a reliable and energy saving network. In this paper, we propose a novel network construction and routing method by defining three different duties for sensor nodes, that ...

We propose an approach to generate test cases from a set of Message Sequence Charts (MSCs) by constructing a semantically equivalent finite state machine for testing reactive and embedded software. Test cases are expressed as a sequence of messages to be exchanged among various system entities. We use scenario activation conditions and state assignments to generate only the feasible states and ...

We examined the influence of both the proximity and extent of human developments and paved roads on the presence of the predatory, non-indigenous, red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta). This species was inadvertently introduced into the United States at the port of Mobile, Alabama, around 1930 and rapidly spread to many southeastern states, including Florida. More recently, S. invicta colo...

This study focuses on the possibility of constructing a database friction coefficients for actual roads from viewpoint traffic safety. A measurement algorithm is established to construct road friction-measuring device. Next, tires are selected use in measurements and their characteristics measured using bench tire characteristic tester. The measuring device designed constructed based these char...

1. All duties are either duties of right, that is, juridical duties (officia juris), or duties of virtue, that is, ethical duties (officia virtutis s. ethica). Juridical duties are such as may be promulgated by external legislation; ethical duties are those for which such legislation is not possible. The reason why the latter cannot be properly made the subject of external legislation is becaus...