The diabetes-induced reduction of neurogenesis in hippocampal dentate and its reversal with antidepressant medications implies a potential mechanism for diabetes-related depression and cognitive decline. In the following article, the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in hippocampal neurogenesis deficits in diabetic animals with depression has been further explained in the light of ...

The effect of Maillard reaction on red blood cells (RBC) deformability was investigated. Exposure of RBC to carbonyl compounds (dl-glyceraldehyde, glyoxal, glycolaldehyde, 3-deoxyglucosone, and d-glucose) leading to Maillard reaction caused a marked decrease in RBC deformability even at 1mM level. The decrease rate depended on the kind of carbonyl compounds, in which both dl-glyceraldehyde and ...

AIMS To evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in ocular involvement during systemic toxoplasmosis. METHODS C57B1/6 mice were infected with Toxoplasma gondii strain ME49. The synthesis of NO was inhibited by an intraperitoneal injection of aminoguanidine every 8 hours, starting on the day of infection. Control infected mice received phosphate buffered saline vehicle alone. After 14 days, the ...

Granisetron, a serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist, widely used as an antiemetic drug following chemotherapy, has been found to improve learning and memory. In this study, effects of granisetron on spatial recognition memory and fear memory and the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) have been determined in a Y-maze and passive avoidance test. Granisetron (3, 10mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was admi...

PURPOSE To determine whether inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) is involved in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. METHODS Chronic elevation of rat intraocular pressure (IOP) leading to optic nerve damage was induced by episcleral injection of hypertonic saline, which caused sclerosis and blockade of aqueous humor outflow pathways. Expression of NOS-2 in the retina and optic nerve head (ONH) ...

UNLABELLED In experimental endolymphatic hydrops distortion-products otoacoustic emission (dpoae) amplitudes decrease and there is elevation on electrocochleographic thresholds. Some authors found type ii nitric oxide synthase (nos ii) expression in hydropic cochleas and they suggest nitric oxide (no) may be involved in endolymphatic hydrops pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate t...

BACKGROUND Daily variations in lipid concentrations in both gut lumen and blood are detected by specific sensors located in the gastrointestinal tract and in specialized central areas. Deregulation of the lipid sensors could be partly involved in the dysfunction of glucose homeostasis. The study aimed at comparing the effect of Medialipid (ML) overload on insulin secretion and sensitivity when ...

BACKGROUND Although nitric oxide (NO) has been found to have a role in gut inflammation and to modulate immunoglobulin production, little is known about its part in food hypersensitivities. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the role of NO through the inhibition of constitutive and inducible NO synthase (cNOS and iNOS respectively) on the sensitisation process (antibody titres) and on intestina...

Liver steatosis is associated with organ dysfunction after hepatic resection and transplantation which may be caused by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of the current study was to determine the precise mechanism leading to hepatocyte apoptosis after steatotic liver ischemia/reperfusion. Using a murine model of partial hepatic ischemia for 90 min, we examined the levels and pathway ...

BACKGROUND Chronic renal failure is characterized by oxidant stress, resulting in part from increased reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils. Plasma concentrations of methylglyoxal are increased in uraemia. Methylglyoxal activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in endothelial cells. Activation of p38 MAPK in neutrophils enhances reactive oxygen species production through...