Alimentary and endogenous proteins are mixed in the small intestinal lumen with the microbiota. Although experimental evidences suggest that the intestinal microbiota is able to incorporate and degrade some of the available amino acids, it appears that the microbiota is also able to synthesize amino acids raising the view that amino acid exchange between the microbiota and host can proceed in b...

The intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 mediates the uptake of di- and tripeptides derived from dietary protein breakdown into epithelial cells. Whereas the transporter appears to be essential to compensate for the reduced amino acid delivery in patients with mutations in amino acid transporter genes, such as in cystinuria or Hartnup disease, its physiological role in overall amino acid absorp...

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) of endometrial cancer (EC). TAMs recruitment and polarization EC is regulated by TME EC, culminating a predominantly M2-like macrophage infiltration. promote lymphatic angiogenesis through cytokine secretion, aid escape synergizing with other cells, contribute to development secretion exosomes so as pr...

Alimentary and endogenous proteins are mixed in the small intestinal lumen with the microbiota. Although experimental evidences suggest that the intestinal microbiota is able to incorporate and degrade some of the available amino acids, it appears that the microbiota is also able to synthesize amino acids raising the view that amino acid exchange between the microbiota and host can proceed in b...

Amino acids are fundamental nutrients for protein synthesis and cell growth (increase in cell size). Recently, many compelling evidences have shown that the level of amino acids is sensed by extra- or intra-cellular amino acids sensor(s) and regulates protein synthesis/degradation. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is placed in a central position in cell growth regulation and dys...

introduction protein is an essential constituent of all tissues of animal body and has major effect on growth performance of the bird. a better understanding of the nutritional requirements of amino acids allows a more precise nutrition, offering the possibility for the formulator to optimize the requirement of at least minimum levels of crude protein by essential amino acids requirements, gene...

Cells have a constant turnover of proteins that recycle most amino acids over time. Net loss is mainly due to amino acid oxidation. Homeostasis is achieved through exchange of essential amino acids with non-essential amino acids and the transfer of amino groups from oxidised amino acids to amino acid biosynthesis. This homeostatic condition is maintained through an active mTORC1 complex. Under ...

Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is one of the most important cut flowers in Iran. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of spraying a mixture of amino acids on the physiological and morphological characteristics of tuberose. The experiment was carried out in two successive years (2009 and 2010) using two tuberose cultivars ‘Dezfuli’ and ‘Mahallati’. The experiment was arrange...

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. It more prevalent males female patients exhibit a survival advantage. Understanding molecular mechanisms that underlie those sex differences could support novel treatment strategies. Amino acids, such as glutamine branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine; BCAAs), play important roles GBM ...