This article explores recent developments in freelance subtitling work within the audio-visual translation (AVT) industry. During 2010s, many LSPs operating globally moved their provision of paid, professional services to cloud platforms, and I argue that such while capable generating collaborative environments, enact information patterns which weaken communicative aspects production processes,...

In light of the current generation’s extensive familiarization with technology and exposure to a vast amount audiovisual materials daily, researchers have been investigating effects subtitled products in foreign language learning for years. It has generally found that polysemiotic nature content (Lertola 2019) enhances learning, as message conveyed is supported by audio visual textual informati...

Despite worldwide popularity of amateur boxing, research focussed on the physiological demands of the sport is limited. The physiological profile of Senior and Junior England international amateur boxers is presented. A gradual (8 to 21-days) and rapid (0 to 7-days) phase of body weight reduction was evident with 2.2 ± 0.3 % of the 7.0 ± 0. 8 % weight loss occurring over the final 24-hours. An ...

This paper describes an experimental new link layer protocol for amateur packet radio use. It extends my earlier MACA scheme for dealing with hidden terminals by incorporating a powerful forward error correction (FEC) scheme: convolutional coding with sequential decoding. The resulting hybrid protocol combines the best of the FEC and retransmission (ARQ) techniques. It should perform very well ...

BACKGROUND Rugby union is a physically demanding, full-contact team sport that has gained worldwide popularity. The incidence of injury in rugby union has been widely reported in the literature. While comprehensive injury surveillance and prevention programmes have been implemented within the professional game, there is a need for similar strategies in the amateur game. Despite recent increases...

Hate speech in the form of racism and sexism is commonplace on the internet (Waseem and Hovy, 2016). For this reason, there has been both an academic and an industry interest in detection of hate speech. The volume of data to be reviewed for creating data sets encourages a use of crowd sourcing for the annotation efforts. In this paper, we provide an examination of the influence of annotator kn...