Intratracheal instillation of the monocyte chemoattractant JE/monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in mice was recently shown to cause increased alveolar monocyte accumulation in the absence of lung inflammation, whereas combined JE/MCP-1/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge provoked acute lung inflammation with early alveolar neutrophil and delayed alveolar monocyte influx. We evaluated the ...

BACKGROUND Alveolar macrophages are thought to play an important part in regulating lung immune responses. While it is clear that human alveolar macrophages suppress T cell proliferation in vitro, the mechanisms by which this is achieved are not clear, nor is it known whether alveolar macrophages also inhibit other aspects of T cell function. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were st...

RATIONALE The alveolar pathology in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves antigen-driven immune events. However, the induction sites of alveolar adaptive immune responses have remained poorly investigated. OBJECTIVES To explore the hypothesis that interfaces between the alveolar lumen and lymphoid aggregates (LAs) provide a structural basis for increased alveolar antigen uptak...

-Adrenergic receptors ( AR) regulate active Na transport in the alveolar epithelium and accelerate clearance of excess airspace fluid. Accumulating data indicates that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is important for upregulation of the active ion transport that is needed to maintain alveolar fluid homeostasis during pulmonary edema. We hypothesized that AR regula...

Mastitis, the inflammation of the mammary gland, is an important disease affecting dairy animals worldwide. The disease is caused by mammary pathogenic bacteria and Escherichia coli are frequently implicated. Virulence factors of mammary pathogenic E. coli are only partially known and intramammary challenge with LPS elicits neutrophil recruitment in experimental bovine and murine mastitis model...

The extent to which endogenously generated nitric oxide alters Na(+) transport across the mammalian alveolar epithelium in vivo has not been documented. Herein we measured alveolar fluid clearance and nasal potential differences in mice lacking the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase [iNOS; iNOS(-/-)] and their corresponding wild-type controls [iNOS(+/+)]. Alveolar fluid clearance values in...

introduction: capnography, is an easy, fast and practical method which its application in the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (pte) has recently been studied. this study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of end-tidal co2 (etco2) and the alveolar dead space (avds) in the diagnosis of patients suspected to pte who have been referred to the emergency department. materials and metho...

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background in spite of common usage of the inferior alveolar nerve block (ianb), this method has some well-defined restrictions. objectives the purpose of the present study was to compare these two techniques for the surgical removal of impacted lower third molars. patients and methods a total of 44 similarly impacted lower third molars (22 patients with two similar teeth) were selected. in eac...

objective: vertical bone loss evaluations in the nobel biocare replace® select tapered tm implant system in the human after one-year loading time. materials and methods: this retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 31 patients (14 men, 17 women; mean age, 60.39 years) receiving 170 implants (mean, 5.48 for each patient) of groovy and non-groovy designs in the nobel biocare replace®...