valuation is one of the main subjects in investment management which plays an important role in efficient capital allocation. valuation has become an important subject since supreme leader addressed the 44th principal of constitutional law. considering many problems which have arrised in valuation and stock pricing by privatization organization during resent years,it is essential to pay more at...

We study the multiplicative lattices L which satisfy condition a = (a : b))(a b) for all a, b ∈ L. Call them sharp lattices. prove that every totally ordered lattice is isomorphic to ideal of valuation domain with value group ℤ or ℝ. A localized at its maximal elements are The converse true if has finite character.

If (R,M) and (S,N) are quasilocal (commutative integral) domains and f : R → S is a (unital) ring homomorphism, then f is said to be a strong local homomorphism (resp., radical local homomorphism) if f (M) = N (resp., f (M) ⊆ N and for each x ∈ N , there exists a positive integer t such that xt ∈ f (M)). It is known that if f : R→ S is a strong local homomorphism where R is a pseudovaluation do...

BACKGROUND Decision makers need to know whether health state values, an important component of summary measures of health, are valid for their target population. A key outcome is the individuals' valuation of their current health. This experience-based perspective is increasingly used to derive health state values. This study is the first to compare such experience-based valuations at the popul...

We discuss several classes of linear second order initial-boundary value problems, where damping terms appear in the main wave equation as well as in the dynamic boundary condition. We investigate their wellposedness and describe some qualitative properties of their solutions, including boundedness, stability, or almost periodicity. In particular, we are able to characterize the analyticity of ...

For the complete higher order differential equation u(t) = Σn−1 k=0Aku (t) + f(t), t ∈ R (*) on a Banach space E, we give a new definition of mild solutions of (*). We then characterize the regular admissibility of a translation invariant subspace M of BUC(R,E) with respect to (*) in terms of solvability of the operator equation Σn−1 j=0AjXD j −XD = C. As application, almost periodicity of mild...

Meta-analysis has increasingly been used to synthesise the environmental valuation literature, but only a few test the use of these analyses for benefit transfer. These are typically based on national studies only. However, meta-analyses of valuation studies across countries are a potentially powerful tool for benefit transfer, especially for environmental goods where the domestic literature is...

This article refers to carbon valuation as the practice of ascribing value to, and assessing the value of, actions and objects in terms of carbon emissions. Due to the pervasiveness of carbon emissions in the actions and objects of everyday lives of human beings, the making of carbon offsets and credits offers almost unlimited repertoires of alternatives to be included in contemporary carbon va...

A seller who wishes to sell a set of (distinct or similar) items can attempt to do it by a variety of auction mechanisms, such as combinatorial auctions, sequential auctions or parallel auctions. We provide a proof for the intuitive result that if the potential buyers are risk averse, then for every mechanism, the expected revenue of the seller in equilibrium is bounded above by the expected ma...