Epitaxial layers of Ga1−xMnxN with concentrations of up to x = 0.015 have been grown on c-sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition. No ferromagnetic second phases were detected via high-resolution x-ray diffraction. Crystalline quality and surface structure were measured by x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, respectively. No significant deterioration in crystal...

We report results on a nite element simulation of a needle-like martensitic microstructure observed in biaxial loading experiments conducted by Chu and James on single crystals of the shape-memory alloy Cu-14at.%Al-3:9at.%Ni. This microstructure was observed near an interface between twinned layers of two variants and a pure variant of martensite. We used a geometrically nonlinear theory of mar...

Sodium-ion batteries have recently attracted significant attention as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries because sodium sources do not present the geopolitical issues that lithium sources might. Although recent reports on cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries have demonstrated performances comparable to their lithium-ion counterparts, the major scientific challenge for a competitive s...

Motivation „ Formal techniques not yet widely adopted by programmers. „ Commercial pressure to produce higher quality software is increasing. Motivation „ Formal techniques not yet widely adopted by programmers. „ Commercial pressure to produce higher quality software is increasing. „ Software developers favour so-called lightweight techniques that provide immediate returns and sit comfortably ...

BACKGROUND Several methods that are currently used for contouring analysis have problems providing reliable and/or meaningful results. In this paper a solution to these problems is proposed in a form of a novel measure, which was developed based on requirements defined for contouring studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The proposed distance deviation measure can be understood as an extension of th...

We find that the use of V 100 buffer layers on MgO 001 substrates for the epitaxy of FePd binary alloys yields to the formation at intermediate and high deposition temperatures of a FePd–FeV mixed phase due to strong V diffusion accompanied by a loss of layer continuity and strong increase of its mosaic spread. Contrary to what is usually found in this kind of systems, these mixed phase structu...

We have used cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy ~STM! to perform nanometer-scale characterization of compositional structure and interfacial properties within GaAs12xSbx /GaAs double-quantum well structures. An algorithm has been devised based on analysis of strain effects in STM data to obtain detailed, quantitative compositional profiles within alloy layers. Using this and other an...

The long spin coherence time and microelectronics compatibility of Si makes it an attractive material for realizing solid-state qubits. Unfortunately, the orbital (valley) degeneracy of the conduction band of bulk Si makes it difficult to isolate individual two-level spin-1/2 states, limiting their development. This degeneracy is lifted within Si quantum wells clad between Ge-Si alloy barrier l...

Potential mapping measurements have been performed on passive surfaces in air using an Atomic Force Microscopy based technique, the Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (SKPFM). A linear relation was found between the potential measured this way and the corrosion potential in aqueous solution for a range of pure metals. The SKPFM can be considered to map the practical nobility of the surface....

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between the structural and corrosion properties of an ISO 5832-9 biomedical alloy modified with titanium dioxide (TiO2) layers. These layers were obtained via the sol-gel method by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide in isopropanol solution. To obtain TiO2 layers with different structural properties, the coated samples wer...