Alkaline and alkaline earth metal complexes of P,P'-diacetyl- (L1(2-)); new P,P'-dipropanoyl- (L2(2-)) and P,P'-dibenzoyl(dichloromethylene)bisphosphonates (L3(2-)) and their hydrolysis products were prepared and characterized using the single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique and spectroscopy, with the intention of studying the hydrolysis and coordinating properties of these potential prodru...

Rigorous alkaline hydrolysis of the two primary (cholic and chenodeoxycholic) and of the two preponderant secondary (deoxycholic and lithocholic) bile acids found in bile led to excellent recoveries. Such was not the case with 11 different keto bile acid standards. Recoveries for a number of standards were unacceptably low and a variety of artefactural products were tentatively identified by ga...

The neutral and base-catalyzed hydrolysis of nine carboxylic acid esters was studied using a hybrid supermolecule-PCM approach including six explicit water molecules. The molecules studied included two linear esters, four β-lactones, two γ-lactones, and one δ-lactone: ethyl acetate and methyl formate, β-propiolactone, β-butyrolactone, β-isovalerolactone, diketene (4-methyleneoxetan-2-one), γ-bu...

Bioethanol is a renewable energy produced from lignocellulosic biomass mainly by the fermentation process. It used as an alternative to fossil fuel which doesn’t contribute global warming. This research work was carried out determining potential of Neem tree leaves for bioethanol production. The process in this study include pretreatment, hydrolysis and distillation. Hot water Acid methods were...