this article explain unsuccessful iranian intellectuals' attempts in the fields of thoughts and politics through surveying ideas of ehsan tabari and jalal ale-ahmad. it tries to show that theirs ideas have been under hegemony of political formalism; so their naïve attitudes has converted their thought to an ideology which serve to political aims based on a political formalism. this article...

The population-ecology approach (the natural-selection model) used to be a major orientation in consideration of organizational change and transformation. It is presented by its proponents as a theory distinct from structural contingency theory. This theory begins by rejecting the claim of contingency theory that organizations are adaptive. Contingency theory understands that the social and bus...

The primary education sector in Pakistan faces many challenges relating to access to education and quality of resources. This paper evaluates the Educational Voucher Scheme (EVS) in Lahore, Pakistan aimed at increasing access to primary schooling for low income families residing in the underdeveloped areas of Lahore by using the four criteria for evaluating privatization plans in education outl...

Vitiligo is a common disorder of skin pigmentation. White spots of the skin are due to loss of melanocytes production (1). Multiple causes have been indicated for this issue by the researchers’ with the autoimmunity as the major one (2). The definitive treatment has not been provided so far. Over the past centuries, plants found in the natural habitat of Iran have thus played an important role ...

INTRODUCTION Menopause is a natural event in a woman's life which affects her general health and quality of life. However, currently there is no Persian instrument for measuring health status during this period. Therefore, the present study was performed to assess the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Menopausal Health Questionnaire in Iran. METHODS The questionnaire was ...

The article reveals information from Chinese, Arabic and Persian sources on the historical geography of ancient medieval settlements in Syr Darya, Talas Semirechye areas. It also reports introduction this into academic circulation, as well scientists’ judgments regarding these sources. Thus, covers official written included Twenty-four Histories, travel notes such travellers Xuánzàng, Jiǎ Dān, ...