Standard commercial diode detectors over-respond within small radiation fields, an effect largely attributable to the relatively high mass-density of silicon. However, Monte Carlo studies can be used to optimise dosimeter designs and have demonstrated that 'mass-density compensation'-for example, introducing a low-density air-gap upstream of a diode's high-density silicon volume-can substantial...

A channel vocoder derives the short time magnitude spectrum of speech by passing the speech through a set of analyzing channels, each consisting of a band pass filter followed by an envelope detector and a low pass filter. Each channel produces a slowly varying output signal which represents a short term average of the speech energy in the corresponding frequency band. The measurement of the po...

The lateral distribution of Cerenkov light at ground level records important information on the development of the air shower which produces it. We have constructed a Broad Lateral Non-imaging Cerenkov Array (BLANCA) to measure this lateral distribution at the CASA-MIA air shower detector in Dugway, Utah. Together, the arrays can sample the lateral distributions of electrons, muons, and Cerenko...

BACKGROUND 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidene (DMB) is a substance classified into the group of carcinogens. The value of maximum admissible concentration for this substance in the workplace air is not specified in Poland. Bearing in mind that DMB is used in domestic companies there is a need to develop a sensitive method for determining 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine in the work environment. MATERIAL AND METHOD...

IceTop, the surface component of the IceCube neutrino telescope at the South Pole, is an air-shower array which will finally consist of 160 ice Cherenkov tanks at 80 stations spread over an area of 1 km. Currently 40 stations are deployed and taking data. The detector is designed to cover the energy range above the knee up to about 10 eV and study the mass composition of primary cosmic rays. In...

the objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of perchloroethylene (pce) and trichloroethylene (tce) in dry cleaning shops in tehran, iran. pce and tce are two most prevalent solvents in dry-leaning shops. air and effluent samples were collected in october to december 2011 from 10 dry-cleaning shops. analyses were performed by head-space gas chromatography technique. gas chromatograp...

In the vertebrate nose, increasing air speed tends to increase the magnitude of odor-evoked activity in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), given constant odor concentration and duration. It is often assumed that the same is true of insect olfactory organs, but this has not been directly tested. In this study, we examined the effect of air speed on ORN responses in Drosophila melanogaster. We co...

The extensive air shower (EAS) experiment KASCADE has started its operation at the laboratory site of the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, at 49 N, 8 E, 110 m above sea level. It consists of an extended (200 200m 2) array of electron detectors and muon detectors as well as of a compact and complex central detector system. The latter contains a dense scintillator matrix, muon tracking detectors, a s...

background: indoor radon gas (222rn) has been recognized as one of the health hazards for human. air radon comes mainly from basement soil and construction materials. saghand region with rich uranium mines lies 180 km from yazd, so the indoor radon concentration can be high. yazd, with population of about 457000, is the biggest city near saghand, thus, indoor gamma background radiation of yazd ...