We present a general equilibrium model with incomplete markets and borrowing constraints to study the interest rate term structure. Agents face both an aggregate risk and an idiosyncratic risk of unemployment, which is not insurable. We derive analytical expressions for the bond prices, whatever their maturities. We also exhibit the e ects of credit constraints on the whole price structure. The...

Chapter 12 presents the technical analysis of both expansionary/contractionary fiscal/monetary policy or their policy mix in the framework of Keynesian Theory. As you’ll see in Chapter 13, both Fiscal and Monetary Policies are used to target aggregate expenditure (called aggregate demand when price level is allowed to float)so as to change the equilibrium level of income.Remember, all the concl...

This paper shows that the existence and persistence of ‘overeducation’ can be explained by an extension of the efficiency wage model. When calibrated to fit the amounts of overeducation found in most empirical studies, the model implies that both the relative wage and the relative employment rate of high-skill workers depend inversely on aggregate economic activity. Keeping aggregate employment...

We construct a general equilibrium model with incomplete markets and borrowing constraints, in order to study the term structure of real interest rates. Agents are subject to both aggregate and idiosyncratic income shocks, which latter may force them into early portfolio liquidation whilst in recession. We derive a closed-form equilibrium with limited agents’ heterogeneity (despite market incom...

Temple (2002) empirically challenges Romer’s (1993) negative opennessinflation relation on empirical grounds. This article links economic openness to the slopes of aggregate supply (AS) and aggregate demand (AD) to explain why the openness-inflation relation can be ambiguous. Starting with a widely used assumption initiated by Romer (1993) that more open economies face greater output inflation ...

I study a model of investment by financially constrained firms that are heterogeneous with respect to their exposure to an aggregate liquidity shock. A firm that is susceptible to the shock will mitigate its exposure by purchasing claims issued by a firm that is not. Liabilities of an unaffected firm may earn a liquidity premium due to their fungibility, and because they are backed by productiv...

Simple macroeconomic models based on IS-LM have become unfashionable because of their lack of microfoundations, and are in danger of being effectively forgotten by the profession. Yet while thinking about micro-foundations is a productive enterprise, complex models based on such foundations are not necessarily more accurate than simple, ad-hoc models. Three decades of attempts to base aggregate...

If agents are ambiguity-averse and can invest in productive assets, asset prices can robustly exhibit indeterminacy in the markets that open after the productive investment has been launched. For indeterminacy to occur, the aggregate supply of goods must appear in precise configurations, but the investment levels that generate these supplies arise systematically. That indeterminacy arises only ...

This paper develops an analytically tractable general equilibrium model of inventory dynamics. Inventories are introduced into a standard RBC model through a precautionary stockout-avoidance motive. Under persistent aggregate demand shocks, the model is broadly consistent with the U.S. business cycle and key features of inventory behavior, including (i) a large inventory stock-to-sales ratio an...