third-degree perineal lacerations in 7 mares were repaired surgically by a one-stage method (goetz technique). primary healing occurred in all of them without any complication. the conception rate obtained after surgery was 70.1%. five horses out of seven got pregnant after surgery and no further injury was seen at subsequent foaling. three mares have produced several healthy foals without any ...

Pt-based catalysts, because of their outstanding activity for hydrocarbon oxidation, are widely used in the engine-exhaust aftertreatment system to remove emissions. However, CO and NOx present real engine exhausts compete with hydrocarbons active Pt sites, thus inhibit oxidation. In this work, we evaluated inhibition effects NO on isooctane oxidation over a Pt/CeO2 catalyst under simulated con...

This summary covers the developments from 2006 in diesel regulations, engine combustion, and NOx and PM remediation. Regulatory developments are now focused on Europe, where light-duty Euro 5 and 6 regulations have been proposed for 2009 and 2014, respectively. The regulations are lass stringent than those in the US, but options exist for adopting European vehicles for the US market. Europe is ...

As NOx emissions legislation for Diesel-engines is becoming more stringent than ever before, an aftertreatment system has been widely used in many countries. Specifically, to reduce the NOx emissions, a selective catalytic reduction(SCR) system has become one of the most promising techniques for Diesel-engine vehicle applications. In the SCR system, input ammonia concentration and ammonia cover...

Real driving emissions (RDE) testing is an important legislative tool to reduce the gap between type-approval and real-world of internal combustion engines. Since low fuel consumption nitrogen oxides (NOx) are conflicting objectives, setpoints a Diesel engine its exhaust-gas aftertreatment system have be optimised controlled accordingly. To this end, several authors developed so-called supervis...

Modern internal combustion engine vehicles carry extensive exhaust aftertreatment systems that have the potential to reduce their tailpipe pollutant emissions near-zero, or even within zero levels of measurement equipment in real-world conditions. It has been reported, therefore, such lower than air intake vehicle – they are cleaning ambient air. This study investigates this hypothesis using a ...