As such, there is no doubt that the manufacturing industry has been playing the leading part in the development of Japanese industries, but at the same time it cannot be overlooked that in the background there were severe competition among enterprises and also technological innovation. For the latter in particular, the manufacturing industry after the war to 1960s concentrated on how to 'catch ...

This book is sponsored by the British Social Biology Council and the bulk of it is a restrained and detached account by a research worker, who remains anonymous, of her personal contacts with prostitutes. The initial project for the research which was planned after the War was much more ambitious than it proved possible to carry out, and in the end it had to be drastically curtailed. For the Pu...

This article summarizes and compares the principal arguments and strategies of propaganda at the home front, the military front, as well as in neutral and enemy countries. These included the Manichean approach, the ridiculing of the enemy, the use of scapegoats, the qualities of holding out, duty and sacrifice, the rewards promised for after the war, and the campaign against the enemy’s politic...

Critical theory emerged in Germany in the 1920s with the establishment of the Institute for Social Research at Frankfurt-am Main in 1923. The term ‘critical theory’ was originally coined and used by Max Horkheimer in 1937 to describe the theoretical programme of the school. Known as the ‘Frankfurt School’ the group became exiled to France then to the United States in the early 1930s until 1941 ...

Jean Leray (November 7, 1906–November 10, 1998) was confined to an officers’ prison camp (“Oflag”) in Austria for the whole of World War II. There he took up algebraic topology, and the result was a spectacular flowering of highly original ideas, ideas which have, through the usual metamorphism of history, shaped the course of mathematics in the sixty years since then. Today we would divide his...

The poverty rate among children is higher today than it was in the late 1960s, a few years after the War on Poverty was launched. In 1969, 13.8 percent of all children lived in families with incomes below the poverty line; in 1988, 19.7 percent did. Whereas most studies of child poverty focus on the negative effects of deteriorating economic circumstances and the increasing percentage of childr...