World War I is often said to have benefited British women by giving them the vote and by enabling them to take on traditionally male roles, including ones in science, engineering and medicine. In reality, conventional hierarchies were rapidly re-established after the Armistice. Concentrating mainly on a small group of well-qualified scientific and medical women, marginalized at the time and als...

White Spaces in the UHF bands are very interesting because of their potential use in rural communications, but their feasibility needs to be proven. This paper analyses the TV spectrum occupation in the region of Catalonia, Spain, because it will be one of the first EU regions where changes in the UHF band are going to be implemented. Those changes are derived from the implementation of the Dig...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to describe policies on early elective delivery (EED) and vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) in rural US maternity hospitals and to measure whether hospital policies differ by staffing, facilities, or birth volume. METHODS Data came from a telephone survey, conducted among all rural maternity hospitals in nine US states from November 2013 to March 2...

The scenario was aggravated by the entry of western capitalism. From the beginning of the nineteenth century, the import of goods from abroad, especially opium, had risen steeply compared to exports. Thus the balance of trade went against China. The import hike was met by the export of large quantities of silver from China to other countries. Before the beginning of the nineteenth century, tael...

Cholesterol is an abundant lipid of mammalian membranes and plays a crucial role in membrane organization, dynamics, function and sorting. The role of cholesterol in membrane organization has been a subject of intense investigation that has largely been carried out in model membrane systems. An extension of these studies in natural membranes, more importantly in neuronal membranes, is important...

This paper presents causal evidence on the long run consequences of WWII destruction on educational attainment and health status of German households. I combine a unique dataset on WWII bombing intensity in Raumordnungsregionen (Regional Policy Regions) level with the individual survey data, German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) to study the long-lasting effects of WWII devastation. The identific...

The combinatorial clock-proxy auction is analyzed as a selling mechanism of a portion of the “digital dividend” in an European country.We assumed bidders with bounded rationality making their bidding decisions based on a system of recommendation that learns from the environment. The auction outcome when all bidders follow the proposed strategies was compared with the efficient outcome of the au...

Most models of conflict concentrate on how players allocate resources between productive and fighting efforts. After a conflict, the winner is assumed to take control of all the resources of the loser. In this paper we show experimentally that this simplification misses an important component of a conflict, namely the reaction of the defeated player. We find that, if given the choice to destroy...

Dendritic spines are small protrusions that receive synaptic signals in neuronal networks. The actin cytoskeleton plays a key role in regulating spine morphogenesis, as well as in the function of synapses. Here we report the first quantitative measurement of F-actin retrograde flow rate in dendritic filopodia, the precursor of dendritic spines, and in newly formed spines, using a technique base...

Similarly to his great predecessors P. L. Tschebyshev and A. M. Lyapunov, the academician A. N. Kolmogorov (25.04.1903– 20.10.1987) was not only a universal mathematician, proposing and developing fruitful ideas, he also readily answered challenges presented to him in his capacity as an applied mathematician. He had an amazing ability to get to the root of a problem, to determine fundamental is...