The morphology and microstructure of cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films are a major concern in the fabrication process of CdTe solar cells. In this work, we investigate the morphology and microstructure of chemical-bath-deposited CBD CdS in order to better understand the growth conditions that give rise to films for optimum device performance. The film morphology was investigated by fieldemission...

Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) films were deposited on float glass to create low-emissivity glass (low-E glass) by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD). Heat treatments were carried out to assess its antioxidant properties. The surface morphology, crystal structure, and the oxygen and tin concentrations in the FTO films were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), ...

S-box is a unique nonlinear operation in Rijndael, one encryption algorithm chosen as AES, and it determines the performance of AES. In this paper, the weaknesses in complexity and security of AES S-box are analyzed. We propose to increase the complexity and security of AES S-box by modifying the affine transformation and adding an affine transformation. Performance analysis demonstrates that t...

Objectives: Using an exercise intervention to improve lumbopelvic control (LPC) can enhance the pain severity and disability of participants with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). The present study aimed to compare dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) exercises and common aquatic exercises (AEs) in terms of improving the pain, disability, LPC, and spinal posture of patients with non-spec...

The electrodeposition of germanium at elevated temperatures up to 180 °C and pressures was studied from the ionic liquids 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide containing [GeCl4(BuIm)2] (where BuIm = 1-butylimidazole) or GeCl4. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), rotating ring-disk e...

Ni/Au plated finishes used on thick-film metallized multilayer ceramic packages for integrated circuits must meet functional requirements such as bondability, sealability, and solderability. Their ability to do so is dependent, among other things, upon the ability of the Au deposit to inhibit the grain boundary diffusion and subsequent surface oxidation of Ni. In this study, the relationship be...

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and incidence density of adverse events (AEs) in Spanish hospitals (including the pre-hospitalisation period). METHOD Retrospective cohort study. RESULTS The incidence of patients with AEs relating directly to hospital care was 8.4% (95% CI 7.7% to 9.1%) and rose 9.3% (95% CI 8.6% to 10.1%), including those from the pre-hospitalisation period. The incide...

نم أشنت .ةردان ةديمح ماروأ يه )ةيفيللا( ةيطابرلا مارولأا عباط تاذ يهو .مسلجا ءاحنأ عيمج يف ةيلضعلا لكايهلا لدعم عافترا ىلإ ىدأ امم ، ةرواجلما هيللمحا ةجسنلأل يحاشترا ةردنل ًارظن و .يحارلجا لاصئتسلاا دعب مرولا عوجر ةبسنو نع غلابلإاب انمق اننإف ، ةبقرلاو سأرلا ةقطنم يف مارولأا هذه يف اهجلاعو قنعلا ىلعأ يف يطابرلا مرولاب اهصيخشت تم ةلاح جلاعل هرفوتلما تارايلخاو قرطلا لوح يعولا ةدايزل ،انافشتسم .ةبق...