A successful enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was observed in both anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor (An-Ox SBR) to induce growth of phosphorus accumulating organism (PAO) and anaerobic-anoxic (An-Ax) SBR to induce growth of denitrifying PAO (DPAO). Although the EBPR performance of An-Ox SBR was higher by 11.3% than that of An-Ax SBR, specific phosphorus release rates in t...

Obesity is known to be associated with variety of complex diseases including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, affective disorders, and some cancers. The heterogeneous genetic (G) and environmental (E) conditions of human populations impart considerable difficulty for uncovering a common etiology between complex disease and their associated risk factors. Development of animal mode...

Macrophage-derived nitric oxide (NO·) is a crucial effector against invading pathogens. Yet, paradoxically, several bacterial species, including some pathogens, are known to endogenously produce NO· via nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, despite its apparent cytotoxicity. Here, we reveal a conserved role for bacterial NOS in activating aerobic respiration. We demonstrate that nitrite generat...

Respiratory metabolism plays an important role in energy production in the form of ATP in all aerobically growing cells. However, a limitation in respiratory capacity results in overflow metabolism, leading to the formation of byproducts, a phenomenon known as "overflow metabolism" or "the Crabtree effect." The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has served as an important model organism for studyin...

The bactericidal effects of antibiotics are undoubtedly triggered by target-specific interactions, but there is growing evidence that an important aspect of cytotoxicity results from treatment-induced metabolic perturbations. In this study, we characterized molecular mechanisms whereby trimethoprim treatment results in cell death, using Escherichia coli as the model organism. E. coli cells grow...

Poultry are known to harbor antibiotic resistant and pathogenic bacteria, and as such poultry litter and poultry house air can be contaminated with these bacteria. However, the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in biological aerosols and litter is largely not understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of aerosolized bacteria and endotoxin, particularly fecal indic...

Both plant and animal materials have been utilized in the cultivation of members of the Genus Clostridium, chiefly in the form of mashes and infusions (McClung and McCoy, 1934, and Castell, 1942). Thioglycollate broth, introduced by Brewer in 1940, was the first light, transparent medium capable of growing clostridia without anaerobic jars, which could be stored for weeks and used without prehe...

Smith (1904-1905a, b) was the first to show that human and bovine types of tubercle bacilli gave different reaction curves in glycerol broth. Although both types produced an initial alkalinity, the human type alone gave terminal acidity. Smith (1910) claimed that reaction curves were useful in distinguishing human from bovine types, but atypical curves led subsequent workers to abandon the test...

Acid hydrolysis of sucrose was studied as a method to convert in sweet sorghum syrup into glucose and fructose before fermentation with the genetically engineered succinic acid-producing Escherichia coli strain AFP184. Successful achieved without noticeable formation degradation products using moderate temperatures, 65–85 °C, 0.24–0.48 M HCl less than 30 min. The measured rates were lower previ...