In addition to its use in plain future assertions, gaa is also used to make epistemic modal claims that lack future orientation. (2a) is an epistemic modal claim with present temporal orientation. The indicative non-modal counterpart of (2a) is (2b). In (2a) the auxiliary bears subjunctive mood morphology and the particle gaa, whereas in (2b) the present indicative auxiliary hai is used. The fe...

In this paper we propose a method to compositionally interpret the meanings of floated quantifiers on the basis of Categorial Grammar (Carpenter 1997) and Davidsonian semantics (Davidson 1980). In this approach, floated quantifiers are accounted for semantically as a kind of adverbial phrase so that we do not need any special syntactic operations, such as quantifier raising, in order to interpr...

Suffix is one component that can be used to form new words in English. The suffix this case a beginning suffix. purpose of study finding the form, function and meaning found "WASHINGTON DC" Report Text. affixes are classified According theory by Plag (2002) his book "Word-Formation English." results indicate there four types suffix, namely "nominal suffixes," "verb "adjectival suffixes" "adverb...

Combinatorial constraints are commonly assumed in linguistics to be either based on the grammatical system of a language or to be idiosyncratic constraints on the combinatorial properties of individual lexical items and not extensible in any systematic way to larger subsets of the vocabulary. Thus, the required complements of verbs are an example of a constraint of the former type, while the la...

covertly to be assigned wide scope is infeasible. Rather, it is assumed that they must be interpretable in situ, and that syntactic conditions like ‘superiority’ are effects of economy, which restricts overt rather than covert movement of a wh-element. The remaining syntactic problem for this line of reasoning is the putative ECP effects of adverbial wh-adjuncts, which were the strongest eviden...

The referents of temporally determined sentences are usually talked of as situations (Vendler (1976)). The standard language internal testing procedure for telling apart telic accomplishments and achievements (??) from atelic states and activities (??) uses grammaticality effects in connection with temporal adverbial modification. (1) arrive *for an hour / in an hour play the sonata *for an hou...

Edinburgh EH8 9LW Scotland It has often been observed that sentences such as (1) are ambiguous: (1) Mary has lived in Amsterdam for three years. Sentence (1) has a reading in which there is some three-year interval in the past during which Mary lived in Amsterdam, and a reading in which Mary lives in Amsterdam at speech time and has done so for the three years preceding speech time. I will argu...