Innervation of the bone marrow (BM) has been described more than one century ago, however the first in vivo evidence that sympathoadrenergic fibers have a role in hematopoiesis dates back to less than 25 years ago. Evidence has since increased showing that adrenergic nerves in the BM release noradrenaline and possibly also dopamine, which act on adrenoceptors and dopaminergic receptors (DR) exp...

Tropicamide (muscarinic receptor antagonist) and phenylephrine (α-adrenergic receptor agonist) are commonly used to dilate the pupils by topical application. These two eye drops are often used, singly or in combination, to dilate the pupil and perform acute light-evoked physiological experiments (electroretinography, for example), before and after intravitreal injections of pharmacological agen...

CONVENTIONAL treatment of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy has focused on the use of diuretic, inotropic, and vasodilator drugs. Despite the development of new vasodilators and inotropic agents, the bleak prognosis for these patients has changed little. An innovative and somewhat radical approach to the therapy of dilated cardiomyopathy was reported in 1975 by Waagstein et al. l in Goteborg...

The cannabinoid system is known to interact with a variety of neuromodulators in the central nervous system and impacts diverse behaviors. Previous studies have demonstrated that limbic norepinephrine is a critical determinant in the behavioral expression of cannabinoid-induced aversion. The present study was carried out to define the adrenergic receptor subtype involved in mediating cannabinoi...

AIMS To review systematically the use of intravenous (IV) inotropic agents acting through the adrenergic signalling pathway, compared with placebo or an active agent, in patients with heart failure. METHODS Studies investigating the use of intravenous inotropes in patients with heart failure published between 1966 and 2000 were identified using MEDLINE, the Cochrane register and Embase databa...

With slices derived from two areas of guinea pig brain, cerebellum, and cerebrum plus brain stem, we have shown that specific, and different, receptors exist in these two brain areas for the control of cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels. The cerebellum contains a single type of receptor, shown to be a classical /3-adrenergic receptor. The remainder of the brain was shown t...

We have investigated the possibility that alterations in the duration of the systolic preejection period can be used to estimate adrenergic influences on the human left ventricle. The preejection period was determined from high speed, simultaneous recordings of the phonocardiogram, carotid pulse tracing, and electrocardiogram. The preejection period was shortened by isoproterenol, epinephrine, ...

BACKGROUND Adrenergic vasoconstrictors are commonly used by dentists to enhance the pain-relieving action of local anesthetics and to control local bleeding. Although normally considered safe for these applications, vasoconstrictors can participate in drug interactions that potentially are harmful to patients. METHODS The faculty of a March 1998 symposium entitled "Adverse Drug Interactions i...

SIR,-Drs. Priscilla Kincaid-Smith and A. S. P. Hua are disturbed (24 August, p. 520) by our suggestion that beta-adrenergic blocking agents should not be used in patients with moderately severe renal failure (27 April, p. 193). They refer to a previous publication' to show that temporary deterioration in renal function in such patients may occur with the introduction of any hypotensive drug. Th...

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS in physiological and pharmacological studies involving the autonomic nervous system have uncovered intriguing new dimensions. It appears that clinical medicine will be influenced significantly by these discoveries. Diverse pathological entities such as angina pectoris, 1-9 cardiac arrhythrnias 1,",x~ obstructive cardiomyopathies, 1~,19,2~ phaeochromocytoma, 3,21-=" and essen...