This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. There has been widespread adoption of new laws to support new...

Though still in its infant stages, the process of establishing the Sinuiju Special Administrative Region and the Gaeseong Industrial Complex heralds a tremendous paradigm shift on the part of North Korea. This Essay will seek to analyze the comprehensive legal structure that North Korea has adopted for these regions. It will seek to offer a glimpse into the future of how North Korea will establ...

This commentary highlights the importance of statutory law and administrative rules to the practice of forensic psychiatry. Often small changes in laws and rules significantly shape the practice environment of psychiatrists, whether in the hospital setting or in the community. A case example is presented to illustrate how significant changes were made in the treatment refusal procedures in Oreg...

This interdisciplinary study finds that the way laws are written and treated by state regulators measurably affects bureaucratic performance: the care taken by legislatures and state agencies in developing domestic elder abuse law affects how lower-level bureaucrats investigate and reporte abuse. Perhaps more interesting, however, are two robust findings about state law making. Both legislator ...

The per-method access control lists of standard internet technologies allow only simple forms of access control to be expressed and enforced. They also fail to enforce a strict need-to-know view of persistent data. Real applications require more flexible security constraints including parameter restrictions, logging of accesses and state-dependent access constraints. In particular, the concept ...

Direct primary care is a promising, market-based alternative to the fee-for-service payment structure that shapes doctor–patient relationships in America. Instead of billing patients and insurers service by service, direct primary care doctors charge their patients a periodic, prenegotiated fee in exchange for providing a wide range of healthcare services and increased availability compared to ...

C. M. Johnson T. W. A. Grandison Governments worldwide are enacting data protection laws that restrict the disclosure and processing of personal information. These laws impose administrative and financial burdens on companies that manage personal information and may hinder the legitimate and valuable sharing and analysis of this information. In this paper we describe an integrated set of techno...

Open government facilitate citizens access to government records, through Freedom of Information laws, and through government archives after a period of years (e.g. 20) has elapsed. However, there are growing challenges in established archival processes that have been brought about by the introduction of digital records and the consequent breakdown of the pre-existing administrative practices w...

Since the advent of the network era, different countries adopted different stance on maintaining social order in cyber space; soft, strong, or medium. In China, as in some other countries in the same group, a tough approach has been taken from the beginning. The purpose of this article is, by studying a series of legal actions against cyber crime, to explore in to the Chinese model of regulatio...

Singapore is an island republic in South East Asia with a workforce of about 2.1 million including 0.7 million employed in the manufacturing industry. Singapore's industry is diversified and the main growth sectors include microelectronics, chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and biomedical sectors. Exposure to chemical hazards is one of the main occupational health problems in the manufac...