A smooth body, adverse pressure gradient (APG), turbulent boundary layer (TBL) separation is experimentally studied. The geometry features canonical TBL development prior to encountering a smooth, two-dimensional convex ramp of finite span onto which streamwise APG that fully adjustable imposed. Both large- and small-scale separations are studied, all data archived on the NASA Turbulence Modeli...

We present a simple and effective method for representing periodic functions enforcing exactly the boundary conditions solving differential equations with deep neural networks (DNN). The stems from some properties about function compositions involving functions. It essentially composes DNN-represented arbitrary set of independent adjustable (training) parameters. distinguish two types condition...

This study describes the turbulent processes in the upper ocean boundary layer forced by a constant surface stress in the absence of the Coriolis force using large-eddy simulation. The boundary layer that develops has a two-layer structure, a well-mixed layer above a stratified shear layer. The depth of the mixed layer is approximately constant, whereas the depth of the shear layer increases wi...

The boundary layer where the accretion disk meets the star is expected to be the dominant source of high-energy radiation in low-mass X-ray binaries which contain weakly magnetized accreting neutron stars. We present solutions for the structure of the boundary layer in such a system. We find that the main portion of the boundary layer gas is hot (∼> 10 K), has low density, and is radially and v...

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Related Articles Lagrangian evolution of the invariants of the velocity gradient tensor in a turbulent boundary layer Phys. Fluids 24, 105104 (2012) Effects of moderate Reynolds numbers on subsonic round jets with highly disturbed nozzle-exit boundary layers Phys. Fluids 24, 105107 (2012) Particle transport in a turbulent boundary layer: Non-local closures for particle dispersion tensors accoun...

Related Articles Lagrangian evolution of the invariants of the velocity gradient tensor in a turbulent boundary layer Phys. Fluids 24, 105104 (2012) Effects of moderate Reynolds numbers on subsonic round jets with highly disturbed nozzle-exit boundary layers Phys. Fluids 24, 105107 (2012) Particle transport in a turbulent boundary layer: Non-local closures for particle dispersion tensors accoun...

In the existing works of microgrid clusters, operation and real-time control are normally designed separately in a hierarchical architecture, with primary secondary levels, tertiary level. This article proposes hierarchically coordinated scheme for DC MG clusters under uncertainty. each MG, level controller optimizes operating cost by taking into account uncertainties renewable generations load...

When a fluid enters a rotating circular pipe, an angular momentum or swirl boundary layer appears at the wall and interacts with the axial momentum boundary layer. In the centre of the pipe, the fluid is free of swirl and is accelerated due to boundary layer growth. Below a critical flow number, defined as the ratio of average axial velocity to circumferential velocity of the pipe, there is flo...