The seeds of flowering plants develop from double fertilization and play a vital role in reproduction and supplying human and animal food. The genetic variation of seed traits is influenced by multiple genetic systems, e.g., maternal, embryo, and/or endosperm genomes. Understanding the genetic architecture of seed traits is a major challenge because of this complex mechanism of multiple genetic...

Cotton fiber, a raw natural fiber material, is widely used in the textile industry. Understanding the genetic mechanism of fiber traits is helpful for fiber quality improvement. In the present study, the genetic basis of fiber quality traits was explored using two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and corresponding backcross (BC) populations under multiple environments in Upland cotton based on m...

A genome-wide scan was performed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to the gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus in a double backcross population of Red Maasai and Dorper sheep. The mapping population comprised six sire families, with 1026 lambs in total. The lambs were artificially challenged with H. contortus at about 6.5 months of age, and nine phenotypes were me...

Radar imaging is often posed as a problem of estimating deterministic reflectances observed through a linear mapping and additive Gaussian receiver noise. We consider an alternative view which considers the reflectances themselves to be a realization of a random process; imaging then involves estimating the parameters of that underlying process. Purely diffuse radar targets are modeled by a zer...

In this paper we study to solve the o f additive (β1,β2)-f unctional inequality with n−variables and their Hyers-Ulam stability. First are investigated in complex Banach spaces a fixed point method last direct method. I will show that solutions of mapping. Then Hyers−Ulam stability these equation given proven. T hese main results .

Let R be an associative ring not necessarily with identity element. For any x, y ∈ R. Recall that R is prime if xRy = 0 implies x = 0 or y = 0, and is semiprime if xRx = 0 implies x = 0. Given an integer n ≥ 2, R is said to be n−torsion free if for x ∈ R, nx = 0 implies x = 0.An additive mapping d : R → R is called a derivation if d(xy) = d(x)y + yd(x) holds for all x, y ∈ R, and it is called a...