in the past couple of decades sociocultural theory of sla and its implications in efl contexts have attracted attentions of research circles worldwide and aroused some controversies. firth and wagner (1997) have questioned the principles of the cognitive view which gives importance to mental constructs in favor of sociocultural view which highlights social and contextual constructs. but if soci...

the ability to speak two languages in the world is a remarkable achievement. there is a good reason to believe that bilingualism is the norm for the majority of people in the world because 70% of the earth’s population are supposed to be bilingual or multilingual. various investigations have shown that the native language impacts foreign word recognition, and this influence is adapted by the de...

the purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the relation between efl teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs and their success. moreover, the study was an analysis of the teacher age, gender and years of teaching experience, to examine the manner in which these factors relate to teacher self-efficacy as defined by bandura (1997) and teaching effectiveness as evaluated by their own student...

the present dissertation aims to investigate four-word lexical bundles in applied linguistics research articles by iranian and internationally-published writers. the aims of this study are two-fold: first of all, attempts have been made to create a comprehensive list of the most commonly used four-word lexical bundles categorized by their type and token frequency, their structural characteristi...

تجارت الکترونیکی شیوه اجرای مسئولیتها، تقابل با مشتریان و امور معمول عملیاتی در شرکتها را تغییر داده است. تجارت الکترونیکی در عمل تنها خرید و فروش کالاها را از طریق ابزار الکترونیک نمی باشد، بلکه تمام فعالیتهای لازم جهت انجام فرایند فروش را نیز در بر میگیرد. در اواخر دهه 1990 بسیاری از شرکتها فعالیتهای خود را به منظور دستیابی به مشتریان جدید و یا ارائه فرصتهای جدید به مشتریان موجود گسترش دادند...

employees always concern about losing their job , or in other word , losing their income resources. for this purpose, every government requires strong system for covering these concerns. the unemployment insurance (ui) program’s can be used for achieving this goal. in this thesis, we price ui based on the insurance history of employee and the duration of being unemployed. we use the weibull dis...

increasing academic and professional language demands around the world are not a deniable fact. the purpose of this study was to investigate english language needs and communication needs of the chemistry students at master and ph.d. levels at the iranian universities. in this research, different methods were used including un-structured interview, structured interview, and two sets of question...