This paper is an introduction to a collection of nine studies that are intended fill the gap in literature associated with landform development and landscape changes related natural forces human activities Central European Mountains their close forelands. The papers grouped into four general categories describe influence climate on glacial landforms snow avalanches, evolution slopes high mounta...

The glacier- and snow-fed river basins of the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) mountains provide water to 1.9 billion people in Asia. signs climate change HKH are clear, with increased warming accelerated melting snow glaciers. This threatens water, food, energy livelihood security for many links between plains differential impacts on societies upstream downstream need be better established improve ad...

Cardiac adaptation to high-intensity exercise is well recognized and often termed the athlete’s heart. The characteristic features of athlete’s heart are increased left ventricular (LV) volume, increased LV wall thickness and mass, resting bradycardia, and ECG repolarization abnormalities. These changes are particularly associated with endurance training causing eccentric LV hypertrophy, wherea...

Population ontogenetic studies are an important component of bioecological monitoring. The structure plays a role in determining the current state natural populations, assessing rarity status species region and throughout its range, predicting further development species. In Samara region, cenopopulations Anemonoides altaica (C.A. Mey.) Holub were studied on territory Trans-Volga (Sokol'ya moun...

Cardiac adaptation to high-intensity exercise is well recognized and often termed the athlete’s heart. The characteristic features of athlete’s heart are increased left ventricular (LV) volume, increased LV wall thickness and mass, resting bradycardia, and ECG repolarization abnormalities. These changes are particularly associated with endurance training causing eccentric LV hypertrophy, wherea...

The cryosphere in mountain regions is rapidly declining, a trend that is expected to accelerate over the next several decades due to anthropogenic climate change. A cascade of effects will result, extending from mountains to lowlands with associated impacts on human livelihood, economy, and ecosystems. With rising air temperatures and increased radiative forcing, glaciers will become smaller an...

Both environmental and genetic influences can result in phenotypic variation. Quantifying the relative contributions of local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity to phenotypes is key to understanding the effect of environmental variation on populations. Identifying the selective pressures that drive divergence is an important, but often lacking, next step. High gene flow between high- and low-...

Wolverines (Gulo gulo) are one of the rarest carnivores in the contiguous United States. Effective population sizes in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming, where most of the wolverines in the contiguous United States exist, were calculated to be 35 (credible limits, 28 52) suggesting low abundance. Landscape features that influence wolverine population substructure and gene flow are largely unknown. Re...

or brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), rupture represents the primary concern. Both prospective and retrospective observational studies have helped to define the natural history of AVMs and highlight potential risk factors. Estimates for bleeding from unruptured AVMs range from 1.3% to 4% per year 1,2 with mortality of 10% to 30% from incident hemorrhage and neurological disability of 20%...