Modern software systems often have to cope with uncertain operation conditions, such as changing workloads or fluctuating interference in a wireless network. To ensure that these meet their goals uncertainties be mitigated. One approach realize this is self-adaptation equips system feedback loop. The loop implements four core functions – monitor, analyze, plan, and execute share knowledge the f...

1 Acknowledgements The PI thanks Stephanie Myer and A.J. Downie, both research assistants of the project, for conducting excellent research work and preparing the first draft of the final report. Thanks also go to Mr. suggestions, review, and other assistance. The PI is very grateful to all the people who participated in the adaptation options survey.

Climate change has the potential to increase the challenge of preventing and controlling outbreaks of infectious diseases. An adaptation assessment is an important aspect of designing and implementing policies and measures to avoid, prepare for, and effectively respond to infectious diseases outbreaks. The main steps in conducting an adaptation assessment include: 1) evaluating the effectivenes...

Developing countries are starting the process of planning for climate change adaptation at the national level. One of the options available is ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA), which recognizes the value of ecosystem services and biodiversity for reducing people's vulnerability to climate change. The effectiveness of EbA is increasingly recognized and EbA options have been used by least-develop...

background in addition to physical adaptation and psychosocial adjustment to chronic renal disease, hemodialysis (hd) patients must also adapt to dialysis therapy plan. objectives the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of roy’s adaptation model-based patient education on adaptation of hd patients. patients and methods this study is a semi-experimental research that was conducted...

In 1980, Carl Pomerance and J. L. Selfridge proved D. J. Newman’s coprime mapping conjecture: If n is a positive integer and I is a set of n consecutive integers, then there is a bijection f :{1, 2, . . . , n}→ I such that gcd(i, f(i)) = 1 for 1 ≤ i ≤ n. The function f described in their theorem is called a coprime mapping. Around the same time, Roger Entringer conjectured that all trees are pr...

Integrating large quantities of supply‐driven renewable electricity generation remains a political and operational challenge. One of the main obstacles in Europe to installing at least 200 GWs of power from variable renewable sources is how to deal with the insufficient network capacity and the congestion that will result from new flow patterns. We model the current methodology for contr...

Policy interest in the cost of adaptation is growing, but compared to the mitigation literature adaptation cost research is still in its infancy. Global adaptation cost estimates from more recent studies range from around $25 billion a year to well over $100 billion by 2015-2030. The wide range is symptomatic of the poor state of knowledge. Important knowledge gaps remain both in terms of scope...

All human-environment systems adapt to climate and its natural variation. Adaptation to human-induced change in climate has largely been envisioned as increments of these adaptations intended to avoid disruptions of systems at their current locations. In some places, for some systems, however, vulnerabilities and risks may be so sizeable that they require transformational rather than incrementa...

The need for investment in the improvement and expansion of the electric transmission grid has not been met in the new competitive environment. Investment in transmission assets poses demanding challenges: multiplicity of players, market imperfections, among others. The integration of financial instruments poses also an additional level of complication, because investors wish to ensure steady l...