An integrated transport system is the way how to provide transport service in the region by integrating all modes of transport. The design of this system is connected with solving of several optimization problems such as coordination of connections in transport modes, optimization of connection supply, minimization of time losses related to the changing of travel connection and the design of th...

Anaerobic co-digestion technology is increasingly used to simultaneously treat solid and liquid organic waste to balance nutrient content, to reduce the negative effects of toxic compounds in the process, and to increase biogas yield. The aim of this study was to analyze the economic performance of co-digestion plants fed with agro-industrial wastes as a function of installed power, with a meth...

In communication, information, and other industries, three-part tariffs are becoming increasingly popular. A three-part tariff is defined by an access price, a usage allowance, and a marginal price for any usage in excess of the allowance. The nonlinear-pricing literature has focused primarily on two-part tariffs. We show that consumer behavior differs under three-part tariffs, in particular re...

In the context of the Doha Development Round, the vast majority of computable general equilibrium studies examine agricultural trade led gains to developing countries, whilst European Union based studies are scarce and only one assessment exists in the case of Spain. This study also focuses on Spain, whilst developing the literature in two ways. Firstly, a more realistic representation of the a...

Tariff bindings and administered protection are two characteristics of the WTO that are little understood. Tariff bindings place a ceiling on tariffs that is not always reached, while administered protection ensures that all sectors have access to some minimum import protection, effectively creating a floor for protection. How do these policies affect applied MFN tariff rates that are enacted t...

In many service industries, firms introduce three-part tariffs to replace or complement existing two-part tariffs. As opposed to two-part tariffs, three-part tariffs offer allowances, or “free” units of the service. Behavioral research suggests that the attributes of a pricing plan may affect behavior beyond their direct cost implications. There is evidence that customers value “free” units abo...

â â â â  â  abstract â  most debates about the role of tariff cuts on the level of employment and rate of wages in labor market have come out of well-known hecscher – ohlin and stopler – samuelson (hos) theorems. considering the fact that we have divided the workforce into skilled and unskilled labors the present paper assesses the impacts of tariff cuts on labor market indicators in iran. ...

To analyze the effects on prices of simultaneous tariff reductions by multiple importing countries, we construct a simple three-country model where a good is produced by a monopolist with non-constant marginal cost and imported by two countries. We specifically compare two representative tariff-reduction formulas: the "fixed-amount" and the "uniform percentage" reductions. The uniform percentag...

We determine how the U.S. ethanol tax credit and import tariff affect the corn-ethanol-gasoline markets and how farm subsidies interact with these policies. We show how the ethanol tax credit and import tariff each uniquely affect the ethanol and gasoline prices. The ethanol import tariff alone increases the terms of trade in ethanol imports and corn exports, but decreases the terms of trade in...

Stockman and Dellas (1986) demonstrated that in the presence of complete international asset markets, the relative welfare implications of a small tariffare reversed from standard trade theory. This paper examines the robustness of that result to change in preference parameters and asset market structure. For nearly all values of substitution elasticity and risk aversion, the reversal remains. ...