The exploitation of catalytic promiscuity and the application of de novo design have recently opened the access to novel, non-natural enzymatic activities. Here we describe a structural bioinformatic method for predicting catalytic activities of enzymes based on three-dimensional constellations of functional groups in active sites ('catalophores'). As a proof-of-concept we identify two enzymes ...

Analysis of the chromophore p-coumaric acid, extracted from the ground state and the long-lived blue-shifted photocycle intermediate of photoactive yellow protein, shows that the chromophore is reversibly converted from the trans to the cis configuration, while progressing through the photocycle. The detection of the trans and cis isomers was carried out by high performance capillary zone elect...

In this paper we propose a methodology for developing representation formalisms for mathematical knowledge bases. We propose to equip knowledge bases with a hierarchy of logical systems that are linked by logic morphisms. These mappings relativize formulae and proofs and thus support translation of the knowledge to the various formats currently in use in automated deduction. On the other hand t...

The construction of stiiy accurate and B-stable multi-implicit Runge-Kutta methods for parallel implementation is discussed. A fth and a seventh order method is constructed and a promising numerical comparison with the eecient Radau5 code of E. Hairer and G. Wanner is conducted.

The effects of fruit bagging treatments with seven different types bags on the physicochemical characteristics three table grape cultivars: RuiduZaohong (RDZH), RuiduHongyu (RDHY), and RuiduHongmei (RDHM) were investigated. Headspace-solid-phase micro-extraction combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to determine compositions monoterpenes in fruit. results showed...

Stigma is a crucial structure of female reproductive organ in plants. Stigma color is usually regarded as an important trait in variety identification in some species, but the molecular mechanism of stigma color formation remains elusive. Here, we characterized a tomato mutant, yellow stigma (ys), that shows yellow rather than typical green color in the stigma. Analysis of pigment contents reve...

The response and behavior of bamboo green, timber, and yellow of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) to three pretreatments, sulfite (SPORL), dilute acid (DA), and alkali (NaOH), were investigated and compared with varied chemical loadings at 180°C for 30 min with a 6.25:1 (v/w) liquor-to-bamboo ratio. All the pretreatments improved the enzymatic digestibility of bamboo substrates. Under th...

The white petals of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) are believed to contain a factor that inhibits the accumulation of carotenoids. To find this factor, we performed polymerase chain reaction-Select subtraction screening and obtained a clone expressed differentially in white and yellow petals. The deduced amino acid sequence of the protein (designated CmCCD4a) encoded by the clo...

The cucumber pickling industry has sporadically experienced spoilage outbreaks in pickled cucumber products characterized by development of red color on the surface of the fruits. Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei were isolated from 2 outbreaks of this spoilage that occurred about 15 y apart during the last 3 decades. Both organisms were shown to produce this spoilage when inocula...

Analysis of the chromophore p-coumaric acid, extracted from the ground state and the long-lived blue-shifted photocycle intermediate of photoactive yellow protein, shows that the chromophore is reversibly converted from the trans to the cis configuration, while progressing through the photocycle. The detection of the trans and ¢is isomers was carried out by high performance capillary zone elect...