This paper tries to investigate the question of how virtual cybercrimes fall within the realm of criminal law and what their principles and conditions of criminalization are. Despite the large number of Internet users in virtual worlds, such as "Second Life", there has been limited literature and research especially on the extent and scope of the issue, the identity of the perpetrators and vict...

from its emergence till present time marxist principles has undergone great changes since their promulgation by marx. many theorists and thinkers set at rectifying marxist tenets and introducing those of their own while others advocated its main concepts and attempted at improving them. among marxist philosophers who had an intensive study of marxs ideology, is louis althusser whose reflections...

This article studies the nature of blood money (Dia) in Islamic jurisprudence. There is a question whether blood money (Dia) is a punishment or it is solely compensation. There are four different views in this respect. Some believes it is only a punishment, others say it is only compensation. Some others say that we should divide it into two various parts; thus it is sometimes punishment and so...

Classification of drugs into two categories named soft and hard has a long history in Netherlands and United States of America. Soft drugs are believed to be non-addictive and less damaging to the health than hard drugs. According to this belief, decriminalization of soft drugs has much of pros. Their arguments for decriminalization may be gathered in two areas: law and health. The pros believe...

cultural iran is a scope that is more extended than the political territories of iran as a political unit. this concept means that cultural geography(mehdi moghanlo-1383-1) of iran is greater than its political geography which, according to history, has a long history extending west-east from kandahar to the euphrates and north-south from the persian gulf to the caucasus including transoxiana a...