When diphtheria toxin encounters a low pH environment, the channel-forming T domain undergoes a poorly understood conformational change that allows for both its own membrane insertion and the translocation of the toxin's catalytic domain across the membrane. From the crystallographic structure of the water-soluble form of diphtheria toxin, a "double dagger" model was proposed in which two trans...

Many nurse academicians are also advanced practice nurses (APNs) in the United States (U.S.). Such faculty are often involved in clinical practice activities which require specific competencies for meeting legal responsibilities and standards for safety. Maintaining practice expectations often takes away the time necessary to address traditional scholarship expected by U.S. institutions for adv...

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) ICP27 and ICP8 proteins have both been implicated in the transcription of late genes and regulation of viral gene expression. We showed previously that ICP27 and ICP8 associate with the RNAP II holoenzyme (Zhou and Knipe, J. Virol. 76, 5893-5904). Here, we demonstrate that ICP27 and ICP8 coprecipitate from lysates of HSV-1-infected HEp2 cells and from lysates of i...

BACKGROUND The detection of unknown mutations is important in research and medicine. For this purpose, a mismatch-specific endonuclease CEL I from celery has been established as a useful tool in high throughput projects. Previously, CEL I-like activities were described only in a variety of plants and could not be expressed in an active form in bacteria. RESULTS We describe expression of activ...

Precursor protein translocation across the Escherichia coli inner membrane is mediated by the translocase, which is composed of a heterotrimeric integral membrane protein complex with SecY, SecE, and SecG as subunits and peripherally bound SecA. Cross-linking experiments were conducted to study which proteins are associated with SecA in vivo. Formaldehyde treatment of intact cells results in th...

Bacterial cell surface display is a widely used technology for bioadsorption and for the development of a variety of screening systems. Magnetotactic bacteria are unique species of bacteria due to the presence of magnetic nanoparticles within them. These intracellular, nanosized (50 to 100 nm) magnetic nanoparticles enable the cells to migrate and be manipulated by magnetic force. In this work,...

Escherichia coli K1 is a leading pathogen in neonatal sepsis and meningitis. The K1 capsule, composed of alpha2,8-linked polysialic acid, represents the major virulence factor. In some K1 strains, phase-variable O-acetylation of the capsular polysaccharide is observed, a modification that is catalyzed by the prophage-encoded O-acetyltransferase NeuO. Phase variation is mediated by changes in th...

This work describes the synthesis and use of the chelator lipid, nitrilotriacetic acid ditetradecylamine (NTA-DTDA). This lipid is readily dispersed in aqueous media, both alone and when mixed with carrier lipids like dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC). Fluorescence microscopic examination of membranes deposited from NTA-DTDA-containing liposomes shows that NTA-DTDA mixes uniformly with the ...